Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences

Although quantum physics has led to the most accurate predictions to date about the nature of matter and the universe, a metaphysical interpretation of its non-deterministic and subjective nature still remains an ongoing debate. In this work, we will review the nature of the debate and propose a new way to address the controversies about the non-deterministic and subjective nature of quantum physics. In our previous work, we have shown that everything is made of information, energy and matter. We propose to define spirit or soul as the content of information, spiritual heart as the receiver of information, and mind as the processor of information. In this paper, we show that the intrinsic uncertain and non-deterministic nature of quantum physics can be explained by the insights from these definitions. Information relates to the possibilities and potentialities of an object. Information is intrinsically uncertain and non-deterministic. Since quantum physics is the fundamental physics theory describing the information, energy and matter of everything, quantum physics has intrinsic an uncertain and non-deterministic nature. We further demonstrate that the process of quantum measurement can be interpreted as the role played by soul, spiritual heart and mind in the manifestation of physical phenomena. We conclude that our insight that everything is made of information, energy and matter and the definition of soul, spiritual heart and mind provides a simple metaphysical interpretation of quantum physics. They can help us understand and resolve the two controversies about quantum physics.

Starting from the premise that the energy is vibrations in multiple dimensions, we propose the following energy circulation theory: Energy is the movement of an intrinsic energy, and can work as a new intrinsic energy for the direction perpendicular to the original movement. The fundamental force works between two momentums, by which antiparallel energy movements bend and make a circle. A form of the fundamental force is the electric force working on the electric charge, which is the momentum in a hidden dimension. Simultaneous separations of two pairs of conjugate energy circulations provide two universes, where the energy distribution is expanding in four dimensions. We divide the energy into two parts. The space energy is a rest energy corresponding to the vacuum space. The apparent energy is the kinetic energy and what we detect as energy in the 3D space. We induce the electric charge, light and electromagnetism from an energy circulation in one hidden and one space dimensions.

When the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ sufficiently approaches zero, quantum fluctuations are expected to be overwhelmingly amplified around zero temperature so that the mean-field approximation may break down. This implies that quantum critical phenomena may emerge in highly underdoped and overdoped regions, where the transition temperature $T_c$ is sufficiently low. By using Gor’kov’s Green function method, we propose a superconducting quantum critical equation (SQCE) for describing such critical phenomena. For two-dimensional (2D) overdoped materials, SQCE shows that the transition temperature $T_c$ and the zero-temperature superfluid phase stiffness ${\rho }_s(0)$ will obey a two-class scaling combined by linear and parabolic parts, which agrees with the existing experimental investigation [I. Božović et al., Dependence of the critical temperature in overdoped copper oxides on superfluid density, Nature 536 (2016) 309–311]. For three-dimensional (3D) overdoped materials, SQCE predicts that the two-class scaling will be replaced by the linear scaling. Furthermore, we show that SQCE can be applied into highly underdoped region by using Anderson’s non-Fermi liquid model.