Healthcare Policies and Systems in Europe and China

The following sections are included:

• Preface
• Contents
• List of Contributors

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• THE ROLE OF TCM IN THE CHINESE CONTEXT
• TCM STILL LAGS BEHIND IN EUROPE
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• HEALTHCARE POLICY IN CHINA: A DIACHRONIC OVERVIEW
• 13TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN AND THE NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN THE SECTOR OF HEALTHCARE
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• FOREIGN TRADE OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINESE HEALTHCARE
• AGING POPULATION AND HEALTH STATUS
• EFFECT OF AGING ON HEALTHCARE DEMAND
• OPPORTUNITIES
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• THE CHINESE TCM INDUSTRY: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE DEBATE
• DEVELOPMENT OF TCM INDUSTRY IN CHINA
• POLICIES FOR TCM IN THE LAST DECADE
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF TRADE IN MEDICAL PRODUCTS
• STATE OF TRADE IN MEDICAL PRODUCTS BETWEEN CHINA AND EU
• PROBLEMS IN MEDICAL PRODUCTS TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND EU
• SUGGESTION ON TRADE IN MEDICAL PRODUCTS BETWEEN CHINA AND EU
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• REFORMS AND INDUSTRY GROWTH
• CHINA–EUROPE TRADE FLOWS IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR
• THE INPUT–OUTPUT MODEL
• A DISPERSION EFFECTS ANALYSIS FOR THE CHINESE HEALTHCARE SECTOR
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES
• APPENDICES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• CHINESE HEALTHCARE REFORM AND HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
• CHINESE INVESTMENTS IN EUROPE
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• A PANORAMIC VIEW OF ILLEGAL MONOPOLY IN THE HEALTHCARE MARKET
• THE PRESENT LEGAL INSTITUTION ON THE REGULATION OF MONOPOLY IN THE HEALTHCARE MARKET AND ITS LIMITATION
• A CASE STUDY: HOW TO DEFINE A VERTICAL MONOPOLY AGREEMENT
• CONCLUSION

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• THE PRIVATIZATION OF THE CHINESE PRIVATE HOSPITAL SECTOR
• THE NEXT OPENING-UP PHASE AND REFORMS: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEALTHCARE OR FOR THE CHINESE ECONOMY?
• CONCLUSION
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• R&D AND EDUCATION ON TCM
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• ASSESSING ECONOMIC IMPACT OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES/PRACTICES
• POSSIBLE CBA APPROACH FOR EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TCM, BASED ON LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR: AN OVERVIEW
• EVALUATING THE BEHAVIOR OF EUROPEAN CONSUMERS TOWARD TCM
• DISCUSSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• THE DEFINITION OF “FOOD” IN THE CHINESE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
• THE DEFINITION OF “FOOD” IN THE EU LEGAL FRAMEWORK
• THE DEFINITION OF “HEALTH FOOD” IN CHINA
• THE DEFINITION OF “FOOD SUPPLEMENT” IN THE EU
• MARKET ENTRY PROCEDURES
• LABELING REQUIREMENTS
• IMPORT AND EXPORT RULES
• SOME FINAL REMARKS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• PATIENT AUTONOMY AND FREEDOM TO CHOOSE TCM THERAPIES
• COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES: A EUROPEAN AGENDA
• THE DELIVERY OF TCM THERAPIES IN THE ITALIAN SYSTEM
• THE DELIVERY OF TCM THERAPIES IN ENGLAND
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• TCM VERSUS WESTERN CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
• TERMS RELEVANT TO TCM IN CHINA
• INSPIRATIONS FROM THE ABOVE DISCUSSIONS
• REFERENCES

Mutual integration between Eastern and Western healthcare visions can be pursued according to a humanistic approach. By following the hermeneutic and methodological principles outlined in the philological sources inspired by (neo) Lachmann’s procedures, an in-depth review of the relevant sources of Traditional Chinese Medicine is feasible in order to highlight the semantic, social, and integrated visions of the medical field. The use of literary techniques has the advantage to redeem the historical role of books on Chinese Medicine, positioning them in a multifaceted perspective. Indeed, avant-garde comparativism, up until now only used in humanistic subjects, can be employed to enhance the value of one part of literary production often neglected by scientific manuals. This is the strategy that has been adopted for this research…

The following sections are included:

• INTERNATIONALIZATION IS THE INEVITABLE TREND OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE MEDICINE
• THREE ASPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF CHINESE MEDICINE
• SEVERAL PROBLEMS IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• ACUPUNCTURE
• MOXIBUSTION
• ACUPOINTS-MOUNTING
• ACUPOINT CATGUT-EMBEDDING THERAPY
• OTOPOINT–PELLET PRESSING THERAPY
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• METHODS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• TREATMENT STRATEGY AND PRESCRIPTION ANALYSIS
• COMPATIBILITY APPLICATION
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX: A CASE PRESENTATION TO VERIFY THE FORMULA

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION OF CHRONIC PATIENTS: PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CHRONIC PAIN AND RESULTING COSTS
• CONVENTIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY APPROACHES TOGETHER IN A COORDINATED WAY: THE INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• HEADACHE AND MIGRAINE
• LOW BACK PAIN
• FERTILITY AND ACUPUNCTURE
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCES IN RESEARCH
• THE “FURTHER STUDIES ARE NEEDED” PROBLEM
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN ACUPUNCTURE
• SHAM PROCEDURES IN ACUPUNCTURE: A PROBLEM TO SOLVE
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• RESEARCH ABOUT SAFETY OF ACUPUNCTURE
• THE DRY NEEDLING PROBLEM
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following sections are included:

• EVIDENCE-BASED EVALUATION OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR LOW BACK PAIN
• EVIDENCE-BASED EVALUATION OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR HEADACHE
• EVIDENCE-BASED EVALUATION OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR INFERTILITY
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• BACKGROUND
• CHINESE PROGRESS IN THE FIELDS OF STEM CELLS
• COMPARISON WITH STEM CELL RESEARCH-ADVANCED IN OTHER COUNTRIES
• CHINESE PROGRESS IN THE FIELDS OF TISSUE-ENGINEERING
• COMPARISON WITH OTHER RESEARCH-ADVANCED COUNTRIES
• RESEARCH DATA DISSEMINATION
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• WESTERN CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
• CHINESE ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
• NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• MANAGEMENT
• WESTERN MEDICINE
• COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• SEXUAL FUNCTION
• METABOLIC PROFILE
• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• EDUCATION IN TCM
• REFERENCES