Materials, Manufacturing Technology, Electronics and Information Science

The following sections are included:

• Preface
• Contents

In order to guarantee welding quality and prevent welding defects, welding procedure and welding defects of SUPER304H were studied. Welding procedure was judged by qualification tests in accordance with Welding Procedure Qualification Regulation. Welding defects were discussed using observations of the metallurgical structure as well as photographs. The results show that normal procedure is very important for gaining excellent welding quality. Weld defects such as lack of penetration, lack of fusion, overlap, penetration, gas pores and overheat easily appear when welding under abnormal weld procedures, which include insufficient or excessive weld input, much higher weld interlayer temperature, and no inert gas protection in the interior. The authors therefore suggest carrying out normal welding technology strictly during welding operation to avoid weld defects effectively and to obtain high quality weld joins.

Lines and vias for connecting in LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) modules herein are both separately formed with screen and stencil by printing, whose performance is strongly dependent on various factors. In this paper, the key factors, including speed, snap-off distance and some special techniques, which influence the printing quality of line printing and via filling are discussed. Important details for the whole printing process are also emphasized.

Accidents involving heavy metal pollution of water and the environment cause huge casualties and loss of property, making the monitoring of heavy metal pollution of great importance. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional model algorithm, such as low predictive accuracy and poor fusion ability, a new combined forecasting model was developed based on the autoregressive integrated moving average model and grey theory. The autoregressive integrated moving average model time series forecasting methods were used to make a preliminary forecast for heavy metal historical data. Then a non-interval GM(1,1) model was built. The model residual of initial forecasts were put as the input of GM(1,1) to be modified. The non-interval GM(1,1) model is established regarding the residual value of the ARIMA. Finally, the initial forecasts of ARIMA model and the residual prediction value of GM(1, 1) fusion and combination forecast GM-ARIMA model were constructed. The heavy metals monitoring data of a river in Hebei province in 1978–2007 were taken as the sample to be analyzed. The predictive results of the autoregressive integrated moving average model, GM(1,1) model and the GM-ARIMA model are compared. The results show that the GM-ARIMA model has better predictive performance and fusion ability.

Investigation of the behavior of additive Yb₂O₃ in the anode during electrolysis is an important method for improving the corrosion resistance of the grain boundary to high-temperature molten salt electrolyte. The author examined the Yb content of cermets after both sintering and electrolysis and the experimental results showed that a dense layer of NiFe₂O₄-NiAl₂O₄-FeAl₂O₄ ceramic favorably formed on the surface of the anodes only if the electrolysis time was greater than 10 hours. Moreover, NiFe₂O₄, NiA₂O₄ and FeAl₂O₄ were produced and dissolved continuously as a result of the chemical and electrochemical corrosion that took place after the formation of the dense layer. As the electrolysis time was extended, Yb₂O₃ or YbFeO₃ gradually dissolved into the electrolyte and primary aluminum as an impurity substance.

Samples of Cu-Te-Se alloys were smelted in a vacuum induction furnace, and the effects of different hot working processes on their electrical conductivity and mechanical properties were studied. An eddy current conductivity meter and a Micro Vickers hardness tester were used to detect the electric conductivity and Vickers hardness of alloys, respectively. The morphologies of precipitated phase after aging were observed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Combined with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), the elemental constituents of precipitated phase were analyzed. The phase composition after aging was measured by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), while the alloys' tensile strengths were measured via an electronic universal testing machine. The alloys' microstructures were observed using a metallographic microscope. The results showed that the relative electric conductivity of Cu-Te-Se alloys, after selenium was used to replace tellurium, could be kept at more than 95.7% IACS. Their mechanical properties were also slightly improved. The Vickers hardness and tensile strength of alloys showed undulating patterns, achieving 155.3HV and 462MPa, respectively.

Sheet metal parts are widely used in the modern industrial manufacturing process. In the production of sheet metal parts with complex spatial profiles, traditional approximate fabrication methods are not precise enough, while automatic programming methods have a low production efficiency and require the handling of large amounts of data. To analyse the unique forming characteristics of sheet metal parts, 3D software was first used to establish the 3D shell model containing the sheet metal part's space-fitting curve contour (SFCC). Next, to obtain the 3D model of the SFCC's projection on a plane, the SFCC of the sheet metal part was projected onto the plane and stretched in the specified direction. Following this, a Boolean addition was performed on the shell model and sheet metal part's plane projection model, thereby obtaining a solid model of the sheet metal part. The accuracy of the unfolding plane part is then derived using commercial 3D software. The NC program of the unfolding plane part's contour is automaticaly programmed by the software and can be used in production via wire-cutting or processing of stamping die. Finally, the unfolding plane metal part is bent and formed to meet the design requirements. This method can improve the processing efficiency and guarantee the quality of the products, thus making it suitable for batch production of the sheet metal parts of SFCC.

To study the effect of SnO₂ nanocrystalline coatings on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on ZnO-nanoparticle photoanodes, SnO₂ nanocrystalline films were coated on ZnO nanoparticles by soaking ZnO photoanodes in SnO₂ solution for various durations. Analyses of the structure and electrical properties of the composite films through SEM and I-V test were then conducted. The SEM photos show that SnO₂ wraps the ZnO particles, increasing the specific surface area and dye adsorption. I-V test results indicate that ZnO film soaked into SnO₂ solution for 40 minutes would have the greatest improvement in its structure and electrical properties.

A novel unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-[2-methyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-chlorphenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o), was successfully synthesized and its properties, such as its photochromic reactivity kinetics, fluorescence as well as electrochemical properties were investigated in detail. The results show that 1o exhibits remarkable photochromism, changing between colorless and blue in solution by photoirradiation. Furthermore, kinetic experiments conducted illustrate that the cyclization/cycloreversion processes of 1o were determined to be a zeroth-/first-order reactions, respectively. The cyclic voltammogram results reveal that this diarylethene exhibits evident electrochromism during electrolysis.

A new photoinduced fluorescent molecular switch based on a photochromic diarylethene with a rhodamine B fluorophore was synthesized, and its photochromic performance was examined in solution. The multi-addressable fluorescence switching characteristic was observed when induced by chemical and optical dual inputs stimulation. Upon addition of trifluoroacetic acid, it formed protonated diarylethene, which led to the color of the diarylethene turning from colorless to pink. In acetonitrile, its fluorescence emission intensity was sharply increased. Subsequent addition of triethanolamine base neutralized the protonated form and recovered the emission intensity to the original form. Furthermore, by monitoring the significant changes of fluorescence and color, the target compound was found to be selective towards Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ or Al³⁺.

Fretting fatigue, which is induced by small sliding movements between contacting surfaces under cyclic loading, has become a critical failure mechanism in modern engineering structures. The modeling and analysis of fretting fatigue based on numerical methods has seen great development in recent years. This paper will review the numerical researches and advances in fretting fatigue, mainly focusing on: (i) initiation criteria for fretting fatigue cracks, (ii) modeling of the contact between different components in fretting fatigue, (iii) effects of material removal on fretting fatigue, and (iv) numerical implementation in fretting fatigue analysis using the finite element method and the extended finite element method.

For the engineering design of large horizontal vessels with uneven multiple saddles, no clear specifications are given in design codes. In this paper, an analytical method based on three-moment theorem is introduced to evaluate the shear forces and bending moments at some critical cross-sections of a large horizontal pressure vessel supported on ten saddles. Zick's method for a horizontal vessel supported on two saddles is extended to the multiple saddle arrangements. It is found that as a result of varied cross-section and uneven saddle support, the shear forces and bending moments are different at different saddle sections. Finite element calculations are also performed to prove the analytical solutions. Results show that the analytical solutions are more conservative. Experiments are also carried out to verify the reliability of the proposed method.

This paper seeks to optimize the design parameters of the horn-shaped spherical structure used in hydrogenation reactors, so as to increase reaction efficiency. Using the finite element method, an optimization analysis is conducted, and the optimized design model of the horn-shaped spherical reactor is built. The control parameters of the finite element optimization are assumed, and the optimized order reaction results are given. The maximum stress distribution of the reaction is shown. The optimal values of SMAX with the WT aimed function, along with their optimization times, are then indicated. The results are analyzed and discussed.

To solve the problem of forming fixed cover plastic parts, plastic materials and the molding process are analyzed with a mold scheme demonstration, structural analysis and economic analysis. The main runner, cold slug well, pull rod, and runner and gate of the gating system are also thus designed. The ejection force is calculated, and the cooling system designed. An assembly diagram of the special injection mould is given. Practical tests have shown that the shell shaped piece injection mould structure is economical, reliable, has a good machining quality and a high production efficiency.

Rock breaking mechanism and optimization of blasting design of non-structural fracture are the core problems in the mining process of the open pit mine in the arid area. It is of great importance to explore effects of non-structural fracture blasting technique on the enhancement of the economic benefit of blasting, the reduction of the bulk rate, and the decrease in accidents of blasting, which is the hotspot research for the blasting at open pit coal mine in the arid area. By analyzing the non-structural fractured lighologic characteristics, plane of fracture of rock mass, attitude of fracture and blasting process in the typical open pit coal mine, we discussed the effect of non-structural jointed rock mass on blasting. Based on such results, we analyzed the key links of the blasting operation, such as detonating position, charge structure, initiation pattern etc., then we optimized the blasting design and evaluated the blasting effects. The results showed that for the mining area in the arid area with non-structural fractured rock mass development and large rock bulk after blasting, symmetric or asymmetric hole-by-hole millisecond minute difference initiation network along V-shaped oblique line was recommended according to the incline of the rock mass. As for the non-structural fractured rock mass affected by shear joints and tension joints, we suggest the adoption of zoning and subsection-based interline millisecond minute difference initiation network among multiple lines as well as deep-hole blasting with non-coupling column charge.

The roller bearing characteristic frequencies usually contain very little energy, and are often overwhelmed by noise and higher levels of structural vibrations. In order to overcome the shortcomings in the traditional envelope analysis, a new approach based on the fusion of the Laplace wavelet transform and three dimensions multi-scale spectrum is proposed for detection and diagnosis of defects in roller element bearings. Laplace wavelet transform is self-adaptive to non-stationary and non-linear signal, which can detect the singularity characteristic of a signal precisely under strong background noise condition. The basic principle is introduced in detail. The bearing fault vibration signal is firstly decomposed using Laplace wavelet transform. In the end, the multi scale Laplace wavelet transform spectrum is obtained and the characteristics of the bearing fault can be recognized according to the multi-scale Laplace wavelet transform spectrum. The experimental results show that the multi-scale Laplace wavelet transform spectrum can extract the transients from strong noise signals and can effectively diagnose the bearing fault.

During the printing process, vertical support structures have a high material cost and volume, while branching support structures have a low stability. We thus propose a bridge support structure generation algorithm for 3D printing. Firstly, our technique identifies the regions requiring support. Secondly, it determines a set of points that require support based on adaptive sampling. Finally it enumerates and selects new bridges through a scoring function, and connects the bridges and model with pillars. In printing experiments, we compare our approach with vertical support structure and branching support structure. The algorithm saves an average of about 15.19% of printing and about 24.41% of time.

Stress concentration factors (SCFs) in finite width plates with both elliptical opening and elliptical fillings under uniaxial loads are predicted. ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) is applied to build the finite element models for the plates and to perform the analysis. The influences of geometric and material parameters such as the lengths along macro-axis and minor axis of opening, the eccentricity position of the opening, and the elastic modulus of the fillings on SCFs are discussed. The results show that SCFs in the finite width plate with elliptical opening can be significantly improved by substituting the opening with hard filling, and hard filling with high elastic modulus is effective to support the maximum stress in the plate, and the results are in good agreement with those from theoretical prediction. The present study may provide designers with an efficient way to estimate the filling effect on finite width plate structures with openings.

Multi-process transposition fixture consists of the chuck, tray and positioning locking nail. The tray is used to install the machining workpiece and is formed as one body with the workpiece. In the corresponding process, the chuck is fixed on the machine worktable. The positioning and clamping mechanism are used to rapidly and accurately position for tray/workpiece on the chuck of machine tool in accordance to a certain process. The fixture is especially suitable for the precise installation of key parts in the micro inertial navigation system. In order to measure and control the positioning accuracy of the multi-process transposition fixture for the dual balanced flexible joint, this paper presents a method based on image processing technology, and with the aid of various tools (measuring block and machine vision calibration board), the positioning accuracy is measured.

As a fast and punctual mode of travel, the subway has made definite contributions to the easing of traffic pressure. Because the bogie is an important part of metro vehicles, its structure's rationality and the components' performance will directly affect the safe operation and dynamic performance of the vehicle. This paper describes the static loaded test bed for metro vehicle bogie, which includes the composition, performance, functions and features of the test bed, and it will provide some reference for the determination of metro vehicle bogie parameters.

Proportional pressure reducing valves have a very wide range of uses, especially in the field of engineering machinery. The valve's performance will directly affect the machine's reliability. In this paper, a series of contrast tests are conducted between home-made proportional pressure reducing valves and the Kawasaki KDRDE5K c50-31/30-102. Their performance is analyzed to find the deficiency of the designed products and corresponding measures for improvement. The improved product's usage effects are comparable to Kawasaki products.

Accurate control of the air-fuel ratio is the most pivotal technology in modern automotive gasoline engine control. Most electronically-controlled gasoline engines run under conditions of partial load. Researching the air-fuel ratio control system of electronically-controlled engines under partial load condition is thus of great significance for reducing emissions and improving fuel economy. In this paper, after analyzing the target air-fuel ratio control, a mathematical model of the engine is first established. Then, air-fuel ratio PID control system is designed under the partial load condition, and the simulation model of the engine air-fuel ratio control is established. Finally, the control effect of the air-fuel ratio was compared with the conventional control system which didn't utilize the control strategy. Simulation results show that under partial load conditions, when using the PID algorithm, the control effect is better, control accuracy is higher, and the control performance is optimal.

The elevation angle estimation for meter-wave radar is easily affected by the indirect signal of the low elevation signal. However, the indirect signal is coherent with the direct signal. A novel array structure was designed to improve the estimation performance for the meter-wave radar. The presented array consists of two different non-uniform arrays without ambiguity, and the algorithm was amended. The narrow beamwidth is obtained to differentiate the closed signals using the whole array. The coherent direct angle and indirect angle can be estimated exploiting the partial sensors. Simulation experiments' results show that compared with the uniform linear array, the new array structure greatly improves the estimation performance for meter-wave radar.

The electromagnetic forming process is not affected by the moving parts' mechanical inertia, allowing electromagnetic forming to achieve rapid processing. This makes it easy to mechanize and automate. Electromagnetic forming is often used for flat work pieces and tube formation. The electromagnetic forming puts medium pressure on the workpiece with a magnetic field, which involves no mechanical contact. This technology is used in the process of deforming the curve of tube billets. The main influencing factors of the process are also analyzed.

Based on coordinate transformation, a combined-shaped metamaterial invisible cloak with the deduced electromagnetic tensors is designed. The results of simulation software based on finite element methods (FEM) are obtained on the condition that the wave origin is a transverse electric wave (TE wave) with a frequency of 200 MHz. The simulation results show that the invisible cloak can change the direction of the incoming wave, and that the wave can almost return to its original characteristics when it propagates away from the cloak. The field intensities of the free space outside the cloak stay almost invariant, with little scattering. The combined-shaped cloak is thus considered to be effective in causing objects to be invisible to electromagnetic waves.

This paper introduces a self-circulating evaporative cooling system for TV broadcast transmitters. Through practical testing, it was shown that the evaporative cooling technology can be used to cool the high power density electronic equipment. This system not only breaks the thermal bottleneck of air cooling, but also has the advantages of a better cooling effect, low noise output, a simple structure and high reliability. The system thus shows great potential in its cooling capability.

Air humidity is a basic element of ground and upper air meteorological observation. Measurement of air humidity in the whole range of air temperatures and humidity has been a worldwide problem in the field of atmospheric sounding. By relying on the principle of the condensation method, as well as the rapid developments in microscopic imaging, image recognition and embedded system technology, this article solves key problems such as the technology of condensation mirror design, mirror temperature control and condensate identification. A prototype condensation-type humidity sensor is also successfully developed. Synchronous observations with a humidity standard device and a number of preliminary tests are carried out in different conditions of environment temperature and humidity. The test results show that the deviation of relative humidity between the proposed sensor and the standard device falls within the range of [-2.86, -0.95] %RH, which meets the requirements of business applications for ground meteorological observation.

The Day/Night Band (DNB) low-light visible sensor, mounted on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, can measure visible radiances from the earth and atmosphere (solar/lunar reflection, natural/anthropogenic nighttime light emissions) during both the day and night. In particular, it has achieved unprecedented nighttime lowlight-level imaging with its accurate radiometric calibration and splendid spatio-temporal resolution. Based on the superior characteristics of DNB, a multi-channel threshold algorithm combining DNB with other VIIRS channels was proposed to monitor nighttime fog/low stratus. Through a gradual separation of underlying surface (land, vegetation, water bodies), snow, and medium/high clouds, a fog/low stratus region could ultimately be extracted by the algorithm. Algorithmic feasibility then was verified by a typical case of heavy fog/low stratus in China, 2012. The experimental results demonstrate that the outcomes of the algorithm approximately coincide with the ground measured results.

To develop a means for the rapid quantization and noninvasive measurement of the maturity degree of tobacco leaves in the fields, a tobacco leaf maturity degree detection device was designed based on image processing technology. Through the collection of image data from mature tobacco leaves, the leaves' chlorophyll content and the SPAD values were measured. The color pattern of the tobacco leaf image was converted from the RGB color model to the HSV color model by transforming and processing the tobacco leaf image. Adopting the linear regression analysis method, the functional relationship between the HSV color value, chlorophyll content value and SPAD value of the tobacco leaf image was established. Based on the functional relationship between the maturity degree and SPAD value, the relation model between color values of the tobacco leaf image and the tobacco leaf maturity degree was set up. The hardware of the tobacco leaf maturity degree detection device was then designed, followed by the device's application software. The results obtained from application testing showed that the device has the advantages of strong operability, non-destructive determination, and on-site measurement. The employing of this device could allow for rapid quantitative determination of the maturity degree of tobacco leaves in the field and provide a basis for deciding the optimal harvesting time.

This paper presents hardware and software designs of an experiment rig for traffic light control system based on Freescale MC9S12D64 MCU. In the design process, time counting of lights is controlled by comparison of adjusted output pulse signal and interrupt subroutines with the help of the enhanced capture timer (ECT). The circuits of traffic lights linking to MCU and the circuits of five nixie tube display are designed. The control programs are performed and the main codes are analyzed. The efficiency of the system is verified using the designed experiment rig. The system can be able to simulate the control process of actual traffic light.

In this paper, non-dispersive infrared analyzer (NDIR) methods were used to detect pollutant CO/CO₂ from vehicle exhaust. On-board emissions tests of four city buses in Macao were conducted using SEMTECH–FEM, an emissions measuring instrument provided by Sensors, Inc. We selected three diesel city buses, each of which complies with a different national emission standard (GB3, GB4 or GB5), and a new type of compressed natural gas bus for testing. We set up the four city buses to travel the same route with identical speed. The test results reflect that CO emissions decrease significantly when bus emission standards are enhanced. For the compressed natural gas bus, CO emission is several times lower than that of the diesel buses, at about only 200ppm, but its CO₂ emission is about 10%, which is twice that of the diesel buses. This test also verifies the feasibility and reliability of on-board CO/CO₂ emissions measurement based on NDIR.

High sensitivity sensing and in-situ monitoring of the ammonia concentration in feedlots could allow for quick acquisition of ammonia information and effective breeding. A laser monitoring system for ammonia was designed based on open-path Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology. The system has a millisecond time resolution, and the detection limit is about 5ppm-m. The ammonia concentration of a dairy feedlot in Changshu, Jiangsu Province was monitored in summer. Based on the results, ammonia concentration had a diurnal trend such that it was higher in the daytime than at night. The ammonia concentration increased during the activities of cow feeding and feedlot arranging. It peaked at a value of 5.3ppm at 9:00. In sum, optical technology for ammonia detection with high sensitivity, high time resolution without sampling was used and found to be an effective method for ammonia monitoring in dairy feedlots which provides technical support for scientific breeding.

Oxygen concentration is the key to optimizing combustion and improving efficiency. Aimed at meeting demands for quickly and accurately detecting oxygen concentration for the combustion process, an oxygen sensor based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy is designed using the 760nm oxygen absorption line. Single circuit board based on FPGA is developed to implement sawtooth wave and sine wave generation, transimpedance amplification, analog-digital conversion and other functions. A finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter based on FPGA is used. The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve the signal filtering, which then serves as a basis to achieve the digital phase lock, following which the second harmonic signal is extracted. This system is used to measure different concentrations of oxygen. The detection limit is 0.2%, and the experimental results show that the sensor meets the requirements for industrial application and vehicle exhaust emission tests.

Lightning flash detection from space is an important way for gathering information on lightning and its distribution. Research shows that VIIRS/DNB, sensors with high gain performance, can detect light, fire and lightning flashes in low illumination conditions. In this paper, VIIRS/DNB data was first used to gather lightning information, following which a new method of lightning flash detection based on the reasonable gradient threshold and the threshold range obtained from the statistics was proposed. This method was then used to monitor lightning information, and the data obtained over half an hour was compared with those provided by the Chinese meteorological observation center. This new method was found to be accurate, especially with regards to the positional information.

LEO-LEO radio occultation measurement is a new and efficient method of detecting Earth's atmosphere. Unlike the GNSS-LEO retrieval method, multi-frequency transmission technique is used in the LEO-LEO occultation detection, with signal frequencies located around a water vapor absorption line. This enables the measurement of water vapor independently from temperature. In this paper, the LEO-LEO occultation detection system and the ATOMMS algorithm for retrieving water vapor independently are first introduced. These provide a foundation for high precision water vapor inversion along a LEO-LEO satellite link. Compared with the standard atmosphere model, simulation results show that at the height of 2 to 35 km, the standard deviation of temperature is less than 0.65K, the standard deviation of atmosphere pressure is less than 1.95%, and the standard deviation of atmosphere density is less than 1.98%, while at the height of 2 to 8 km the standard deviation of humidity is less than 0.72g/kg. These are a great improvement from the precision of GNSS-LEO occultation observations. The simulation results make a valuable reference for the development of China's independent LEO-LEO occultation exploration program.

This paper presents a novel three layer approach for extracting knowledge from natural language documents. Traditionally, stochastic models are used directly, and they end up causing a low accuracy and recalling rate due to their inability to reflect the true meaning of the words. In our approach, a linguistic data layer is planted on a domain knowledge layer. Domain knowledge is represented by domain ontology while linguistic data is represented by a conceptually-related words structure called HowNet. A stochastic model called ME-2HMM is also proposed, which contributes a mapping from knowledge to linguistics when disambiguating the meanings of words. Experiments show that our approach achieves a better performance in accuracy and recalling rate, especially in domain related scenarios.

In the field of image saliency detection, previous approaches are mostly built on the low level priors like color and space contrast, boundary or connectivity prior, which are not sufficient to differentiate real salient regions from other independent or high-contrast parts. In this paper, we propose a novel approach which utilizes both high level and low level priors or cues to generate a salient map. Specifically, we obtain a foreground likelihood map via low rank matrix recovery, which incorporates traditional low-level features with higher-level guidance. Then, we compute a background likelihood map via principal component analysis and k-means clustering, which utilize two low level priors: distribution and boundary priors. Finally, the salient values of one image are calculated based on the two likelihood maps via a modified optimization framework. Extensive experiments on numerous publicly available datasets demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

This paper proposes a novel image watermarking scheme based on the positive and negative coefficients numbers of the blocked DCT coefficients. The watermark is embedded into the middle frequency of DCT coefficients. In order to achieve better robustness and imperceptibility, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) has been introduced to the watermark embedding and extracting procedure. The particle swarm optimization is applied to obtain optimum multiple scaling factors and the embedding strength. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has significant improvement in term of imperceptibility and robustness under various attacks.

With the advent of the “big data” era, the traditional stand-alone serial-based training machine learning has had difficulties in meeting the needs of “big data” applications. To this end, this paper discusses and applies a neural network learning algorithm based on cloud computing. First, several experiments are designed for verifying the feasibility of neural network machine learning based on cloud computing. Next, the algorithm is applied to specific face recognition, speech recognition, and affective computing issues, among others. Finally, through experimental verification, it was found that the neural network learning algorithm based on cloud computing has a faster training speed, higher recognition accuracy, and greater data processing capabilities than that of the traditional learning algorithm.

Trend variations are an important feature of time series, allowing more information to be mined from the time series directly. The process of qualitative trend analysis for time series includes trend extraction and identification. These help to extract qualitative trend features from quantitative data before representing them by using episodes. Integrating the polynomial fitting and piecewise linear representation based on local maxima, minima and extrema, a new approach of time series trend extraction based on global constrained multi-segment polynomial fitting is proposed in this paper. The experimental results from two different sets of simulated data indicate that this method is effective for extracting the trend in time series with high signal-noise ratio and low complexity.

The increasingly frequent occurrence of natural, man-made and environmental disasters in recent years has resulted in both a large number of casualties and widespread property damage. To mitigate the damage caused, a lot of emergency supplies are required. However, due to the limited quantity of emergency supplies, the allocation of rescue resources is extremely important. Using the March 2014 Ebola outbreak in western Africa as an example, this paper uses Dijkstra's algorithm to build a system which determines the optimal allocation of emergency resource to cities in Sierra Leone. Each city's weightage is calculated using data provided before Dijkstra's algorithm is applied.

Software architecture model play an important role in improving the quality of software products. A software architecture model is used for defining software. In this paper, an approach to modeling multi-level software architecture based on SOA is put forward. Firstly, four important properties of SOA are discussed. Secondly, based on Workflow-net, the formal definition of service is proposed. Finally, three rules to model composite service are introduced. The software model based on SOA lays the foundation for analyzing and reasoning it mathematically.

An integral-order hyper-chaotic system with four-dimension is expanded into a fractional-order system whose chaotic behaviors are analyzed. Based on the stability theory of fractional-order linear system and the idea of tracking control, a synchronization method for two fractional-order systems with different structures is proposed, and an analytic expression for a synchronization controller is given. The proposed synchronization method is applied to encryption and decryption of digital images. The simulation results show that this method has many advantages for encrypting and decrypting digital images, such as sensitive secret keys, random uniform distribution of pixels and low correlation between adjacent pixels.

Using the advanced encryption algorithm AES ^[1][2], an encryption and decryption IP core is designed for embedded processors. Using the FPGA on-chip storage module and the reconfigurable S box, the key and the original data are managed with a dedicated storage method, to be locked in the kernel. In order to make the IP core able to be flexibly used in the Nios II embedded system, the corresponding interface and its address mappings are designed in accordance with the Avalon bus interface specifications. The IP core can thus be easily customized in the Nios system. The Nios II processor, customized encryption and decryption components, network controller, memory and other corresponding peripheral equipment are composed to a hardware platform by using SOPC technology. For the purpose of automation control, corresponding software is written to make it a real-time network encryption and decryption system.

The rapid growth of the tourism market has led to a dramatic increase in both the number and diversity of tourism commodities, or tourism products. Organization of the corresponding product information has thus become extremely important. Many websites tend to combine faceted classification schemes with their websites' tourism product information organization. This paper first introduces facet classification and its advantages, before attempting to analyze how it is applied to websites' tourism product information organization. These are done by listing three perspectives separately, namely product information description, classification navigation systems construction, and product information visualization display.

The average degree is a fundamental concept of complex networks. Some properties of the general aggregate are deduced from the properties of the sample using random sampling. In this paper, the relationship of average degree between the subnetwork and networks is investigated. Different relationships between the subnetworks and networks for some real complex networks are described by numerical tests. The results show that the average degree of subnetwork is not directly proportional to the value of sampling rate for the scientific collaboration network and the neural network. However, the average degree of subnetwork is directly proportional to the value of sampling rate for the American football games network. The findings are useful in revealing some of the properties of unknown complex networks.

In this paper, a mathematical analysis is made via C# programming language based on a common computer system through mathematical analysis knowledge and standards of dairy product indexes. Relevant programming language is also compiled and a mathematical analysis model is established. In addition, a comprehensive detection, analysis and warning system of danger coefficients about dairy product indexes is designed, which issues security warnings for dairy products.

Blueberry fruits have a very short shelf-life period due to rapid loss of weight, senescence, and pathogen infection, which quickly causes the fruit to deteriorate. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating treatments on the quality attributes and the softening of blueberry fruits. Chitosan coatings at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% were applied to fresh blueberries before being stored at 4°C. Changes in quality characteristics and cell wall enzymatic activity were evaluated. Chitosan-coated blueberries lost less weight and had an increased firmness than the control group. The chitosan coating at 1.0% decreased the activity of cell wall hydrolase activities. These findings suggest that the use of 1.0% chitosan coating at cold temperatures is useful for slowing deterioration, maintaining quality and extending the shelf-life of blueberry fruits.

The following sections is included:

• Author Index