ArticleOpen Access

AGE-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING SLEEP INDUCED BY MEDICATION

NAJMEH PAKNIYAT

30 Shore Breeze Drive, Toronto, ON, Canada M8V 0J1, Canada

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GAYATHRI VIVEKANANDHAN

Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

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KARTHIKEYAN RAJAGOPAL

Centre for Nonlinear Systems, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

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ONDREJ KREJCAR

Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec, Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czechia

Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Sultan, Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia

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KAMIL KUCA

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czechia

Biomedical Research Center, University, Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

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, and

HAMIDREZA NAMAZI

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-455X

Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec, Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czechia

School of Engineering, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail Address: hamidreza.namazi@monash.edu

Corresponding author.

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218348X23500111Cited by:11 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

One of the important areas of research in neuroscience is to investigate how brain activity changes during aging. In this research, we employ complexity techniques to analyze how brain activity changes based on the age of subjects during sleep. For this purpose, we analyze the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of 22 subjects induced by sleep medication using fractal theory and sample entropy. The analysis showed that the fractal dimension and sample entropy of EEG signals decrease due to aging. Therefore, we concluded that aging causes lower complexity in EEG signals during sleep. The employed method of analysis could be applied to analyze the effect of aging on the variations of the activity of other organs (e.g. heart, muscle) during aging by studying their related physiological signals (e.g. ECG, EMG).

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Vol. 31, No. 01

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History

Received 14 October 2022

Accepted 6 December 2022

Published: December 24, 2022

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This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) License which permits use, distribution and reproduction, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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AGE-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING SLEEP INDUCED BY MEDICATION

Abstract

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