Narrow Results

Cruise tourism is strongly growing and destinations have had during the last decade a manifold increase in tourists that go ashore. New quays are developed in several ports of call. To some destinations, the visitor industry is part of their livelihood. WCED stated 1987 that sustainable development includes economic growth but with protection of the environment’s quality.

This paper is a part of a multidisciplinary research programme about how to investigate and contribute to the conditions for economic growth but with protection of the delicate environment in order to balance different spheres of interest, i.e., conduct a sustainable development. In sustainable development and quality management, the stakeholder is an important concept.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a theoretical study of the concept stakeholder. How can a tentative stakeholder model be described in quality-driven sustainability? Is there a paradigm shift in quality management?

This conceptual and discursive paper is based on a literature study departing from quality management (QM) and sustainable management (SM). The paper contains some philosophical discussions and comparative studies of others’ work and thinking.

The field of quality management is changing and literature shows that the meaning of stakeholder is influenced by the field of sustainable development. One conclusion of this paper is that there is a new paradigm of Quality Management.

The paper highlights the importance of interdisciplinary solutions when approaching societal issues, which can generate anomalies and new paradigms.

We explore the connection between the distribution of particles spontaneously produced from an electric field or black hole and the vacuum persistence, twice the imaginary part of the one-loop effective action. Employing the reconstruction conjecture, we find the effective action for the Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac distribution. The Schwinger effect in AdS₂ is computed via the phase-integral method in the static coordinates. The Hawking radiation and Schwinger effect of a charged black hole is rederived and interpreted via the phase-integral. Finally, we discuss the relation between the vacuum persistence and the trace or gravitational anomalies.

A 16-year-old girl complains that she has yet to experience menstruation.

• Is this abnormal?
• What produces menstruation?
• What conditions may explain her complaint?
• What investigations should be performed on her?

The onset of puberty in girls is marked by the beginning of ovarian function in estrogen secretion followed by physical development of breast buds detectable as firm nodules directly beneath the nipples. This occurs between the ages of 10 and 11.5 years old and is known as thelarche. The first menstruation, or menarche, should occur within three years of thelarche. The mean age of menarche is 12.5 years old. Fewer than 10% of girls menstruate before 11 years old and 90% of girls are menstruating by 13.7 years old. Absence of menarche three years after thelarche or after 16 years old is an abnormal delay known as primary amenorrhea. The incidence of primary amenorrhea is less than 1%.

The chiral U(1) anomaly associated with a fermion of spin interacting with nonabelian vector and axial-vector fields in 6 dimensional curved space is given in tensorial form.