Narrow Results

This study measures the cost-effectiveness of alternate energy sources for irrigation in Pakistan. Primary data has been collected from eight districts of three provinces of Pakistan. Overall, 223 farmers were personally interviewed out of which, 58 farmers were using electric tube-well, 95 diesel tube-well, and 35 each for solar and biogas-operated tube-wells. The cost of extracting one cubic meter of water through electricity, diesel, subsidized electricity, biogas, and solar was $0.180, $0.013, $0.011, $0.010, and $0.005, respectively. The paper concludes that water pumping using alternative energy sources is cost-effective. Major constraints to adopting solar-powered water pumping systems were the high upfront cost, the lack of awareness, and the lack of available spare parts. The constraints to adopting biogas were difficulty operating and managing through winter.

The paper clarifies the importance of energy against the background of the development of China’s modern economic situation. It also aims to analyze the current situation and problems of China’s energy development from the aspects of energy production, consumption, impact on social economy and ecological environment, etc. Through the analysis of the development of the superiority of hydropower resources, the paper puts forward the necessity of the development of hydropower resources in the future development of society and the economy.