Water pollution refers to a kind of phenomenon of water quality deterioration which causes by the intervention of certain substances that result in changing of its chemical, physical and affecting the effective use of water and being harmful to human health. Water pollution involves surface water pollution and groundwater pollution. Along with the acceleration of urbanization and development of economy, the demand of water resources is increasing and the strength of the development and utilization of water resources is also increasing gradually. Meanwhile, Suzhou city is facing water pollution problems such as poor water quality, shortage of drinking water, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the research status of water pollution and accelerate the adjustment and optimization of the structure of the water quality. Based on the water quality conditions of its surface water and groundwater and related water pollution data, this article analyzes and evaluates the variations of water quality.