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Through elemental analysis, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a quick and effective analytical method, has enormous potential to advance agriculture. In this context, our study intends to better the fertilizer sector by utilizing LIBS’s capabilities. The main objective is to make it possible to rapidly and accurately analyze the elements in frequently used fertilizers such as nitrophos (NP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and single super phosphate (SSP). We identify all elements contained in the fertilizers using qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis utilizing a single LIBS shot by noting their matching spectral lines and peak positions. This identification is validated more thoroughly by matching peak positions to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), nickel (Ni), and aluminum (Al) are effectively recognized due to their distinct spectral fingerprints. Our findings highlight the vital need to precisely characterize fertilizer content in order to maximize agricultural yield. Furthermore, our approach presents an efficient means for rapid and precise analysis of fertilizers, offering the advantage of minimal sample requirements.

Nitrous oxide, or N₂O, is a greenhouse gas that is largely considered to be the cause for depletion of the ozone layer. As nearly 70% of the global emissions seem to arise from bacterial and fungal denitrifications and nitrification processes in soils, there is a growing concern to identify mitigation techniques to improve the atmosphere in which we live. Fertilizers in agricultural soils are the primary source. This chapter will explain the causes of nitrous oxide emissions in the atmosphere as well as explore these mitigation methods that have been researched, tested and successfully implemented.