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In order to improve the sharing level of online physical education teaching resources, the integration design of online physical education teaching resources is carried out by using MOOC resource information fusion technology and closed frequent item fusion calculation method, and the intelligent scheduling and management ability of online physical education teaching resources is improved. An online physical education teaching resource integration model based on big data information fusion and cluster scheduling is proposed. The factors of online physical education teaching demand scale are initialized, the structure of common factors of online physical education teaching resources is determined by factor analysis method, the orthogonal rotation of indicators by maximum variance method is adopted, the cloud computing model is adopted to analyze the integration structure of online physical education teaching resources, and the feature quantity of cross frequent items rules of online physical education teaching resources is extracted. The parallel K-means clustering model of online physical education resources integration is constructed, the fuzzy correlation degree features of online physical education resources are calculated, the extracted correlation features of online physical education resources are processed by C-means clustering method for big data fusion, the multi-objective optimization technology is adopted for online physical education resources integration and adaptive scheduling, and the adaptive scheduling ability of online physical education resources is improved. The SPSS statistical software is used for empirical analysis, and the results show that the integration degree of online physical education teaching resources by this method is high, which promotes the development of online physical education teaching.

While Malaysia has fulfilled expectation of a highly liberalized market since 2009, however, her stock market is still far from fully integrated with the world market. Existing literature by far has not provided any insight on market integration of such highly liberalized yet not perfectly integrated stock market. This paper explores whether such non-perfect market integration is due to some implicit factor at firm level. Based on Errunza, V and E Losq (1989). Capital flow controls, international asset pricing, and investors’ welfare: A multi-country framework. The Journal of Finance, 44(4), 1025–1037 asset pricing framework, we employed a multivariate GARCH-M model to estimate the monthly market integration level of Malaysia stock market with the world over a period from January 2009 to September 2016. Subsequently, we examine whether the three firm-level implicit factors, i.e., ownership concentrations, foreign ownership and firm price delay affect the Malaysia stock market’s world integration. These firm-level factors are aggregated from firm-level data while price delay was also aggregated from estimates of weekly data at firm level. In short, we found that price delay and ownership concentrations have significant negative effects on the market level integration, with the latter having a nonlinear $U-$shape effect where ownership concentration will have a positive effect passing the threshold of 52.2%. Last but not least, foreign ownership has a significant positive effect.

This study develops a mathematical inventory model for deteriorating item taking into account a vertical integration of a three-echelon supply chain (one supplier, one distributor, and one retailer) through strategic alliances. The objective is to minimize the joint total relevant cost for the integrated inventory model. A simple but efficient heuristic technique is used to derive the optimal solution. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis on the optimal results are presented to validate the results of the proposed integrated model. The proposed mathematical model has demonstrated how an integrated approach to decision making can achieve a global optimum and outperform three typically individual models (i.e., independent model, dominant supplier's model and dominant retailer's model).

Integration of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) narrowband bandpass filter and a HTS bandstop filter onto a single piece double-sided YBCO thin film with 0.5mm-thick LaAlO₃ substrate has been carried out. The 8-pole bandpass filter was designed with a fractional bandwidth about 0.8%. A pair of transmission zeros was implemented, showing typical quasi-elliptical function characteristics. The bandstop filter has a high stopband attenuation (~70dB) to fulfill the special requirement of potential application in communications. Integration of the two filters was successfully achieved.

We propose a new method to categorize continuous numeric percepts for Q-learning, where percept vectors are classified into categories on the basis of fuzzy ART and Q-learning uses categories as states to acquire rules for agent behavior. For efficient learning, we modify fuzzy ART to reduce the number of categories without deteriorating the efficiency of reinforcement learning. In our modification, a vigilance parameter is defined for each category in order to control the size of a category and it is updated during learning. The method to update a vigilance parameter is based on category integration, which contributes to reducing the number of categories. Here, we define the similarity for any category pair to judge whether category integration should be performed or not. When two categories are integrated into a new category, a vigilance parameter for the category is calculated and categories used for integration are discarded, so that the number of categories is reduced without restricting the number of categories. Experimental results show that Q-learning with modified fuzzy ART acquires good rules for agent behavior more efficiently than Q-learning with ordinary fuzzy ART, although the number of categories generated by modified fuzzy ART is much less than that generated by ordinary one.

The disturbances created in AC transmission line power flow due to various faults and unavoidable natural circumstances have to be monitored carefully for uninterrupted power supply to the consumer and to avoid unacceptable situations. Voltage sag is one such unwanted disturbance occurring in the power system due to varying causes like lightning, loose connections, accidental short circuits, tree branches touching the line, birds hitting the line, etc., owing to non-recoverable damage to sensitive equipment in industries which also leads to financial losses. This paper proposes a new technique using DQ transform and integrator for fast voltage sag detection which is possible within $1∕4$th of a cycle and a new algorithm to identify the faulty phase. The authors are able to detect the voltage sag within the lowest time of 0.3ms for single-phase fault and 0.2ms for two-phase and three-phase faults. The simulation results for various types of power system faults with different point-on-waveform (POW) are presented using MATLAB/Simulink tool.

The work presented in this paper concerns the design of an on-chip GaN transformer. The integrated transformer is composed of two planar stacked coils with spiral octagonal geometry. A comparison is done on different analytical methods to calculate the inductance of the transformer spiral planar coils. Three transformers with different outer diameters are compared to illustrate the influence of the coil geometry. The estimated inductance and dc series resistance are evaluated. Using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3 software, the thermal effect is illustrated in the integrated transformer operating at high frequencies. The different parasitic effects created by the planar stacked layers are validated by the equivalent electrical circuit, and the different electrical parameters are calculated.

Inertial navigation system (INS) is often integrated with satellite navigation systems to achieve the required precision at high-speed applications. In global navigation system (GPS)/INS integration systems, GPS outages are unavoidable and a severe challenge. Moreover, because of the usage of low-cost microelectromechanical sensors (MEMS) with noisy outputs, the INS will get diverged during GPS outages, and that is why navigation precision severely decreases in commercial applications. In this paper, we improve GPS/INS integration system during GPS outages using extended Kalman filter (EKF) and artificial intelligence (AI) together. In this integration algorithm, the AI receives the angular rates and specific forces from the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and velocity from the INS at $t$ and $t-1$. Therefore, the AI has positioning and timing data of the INS. While the GPS signals are available, the output of the AI is compared with the GPS increment; so that the AI is trained. During GPS outages, the AI will practically play the GPS role. Thus, it can prevent the divergence of the GPS/INS integration system in GPS-denied environments. Furthermore, we utilize neural networks (NNs) as an AI module in five different types: multi-layer perceptron (MLP) NN, radial basis function (RBF) NN, wavelet NN, support vector regression (SVR) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). To evaluate the proposed approach, we utilize a real dataset that has been gathered by a mini-airplane. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the INS and GPS/INS integration systems with the EKF during GPS outages. Meanwhile, the ANFIS also reached more than 47.77% precision compared to the traditional method.

In recent years, the transformer has gained significant popularity due to its crucial role in various fields. This paper presents a design and modeling approach for an interleaved transformer integrated into an isolated full-bridge buck converter. The characteristics of the converter are first specified, followed by a description of the transformer to determine the geometric parameters. The technical characteristics, represented by analytical expressions, are addressed in the authorized electrical model of the integrated interleaved transformer. The simulations reveal the impact of the interleaved transformer’s geometric parameters on the inductance value, quality factor, and coupling coefficient. Additionally, the simulation results demonstrate that reducing the conductor width, internal diameter, and number of turns leads to a higher quality factor. To validate the proper functioning of the interleaved transformer, simulations of the isolated full-bridge buck converter are conducted. The simulations encompass both a conventional transformer and an integrated interleaved transformer, with waveforms of currents and voltages analyzed. In both cases, the simulation results exhibit strong similarities and align with the specified requirements.

In the module integration process, lower level packaging elements such as devices, sub-mounts and components are combined as a functional block. Embedded sub-system consists of modules whose operations are controlled by a specific algorithm. Typically, the control algorithm is realized in a form of system software in a processor unit, which controls individual module operations and combines separate module operations as a system operation. In the creation of a cost-efficient embedded system it is essential that reliable, reproducible and cost-efficient building blocks of systems, modules, can be manufactured. We have studied Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) substrate technology and its possibilities to produce reliable, reproducible and cost-efficient photonic and millimeter wave modules.

In this paper we introduce our contribution to the development of LTCC photonic and millimeter wave modules. Most of the papers written on LTCC packaging are in the field of RF and millimeter wave modules and are shortly reviewed in this paper. Photonic modules utilizing LTCC substrates are almost missing in the literature. Several photonic modules based on the use of LTCC substrates developed by our group are introduced in this paper, including hermetic fiber pigtailed power laser, wavelength tunable laser and 10 GBit/s/ch optical interconnects board for photonic applications. In addition, front-end module for 24 GHz transceiver for millimeter wave applications is introduced.

The technology that integrates various types of Web contents to build a new Web application through end-user programming is widely used nowadays. However, the Web contents do not have a uniform interface for accessing the data and computation. Most of the general Web users access information on the Web through applications until now. Hence, designing a uniform and flexible programmatic interface for integration of different Web contents is unavoidable. In this paper, we propose an approach that can be used to analyze Web applications automatically and reuse the information of Web applications through the programmatic interface we designed. Our approach can support the flexible integration of Web applications, Web services and Web feeds. In our experiments, we use a large number of Web pages from different types of Web applications and achieve the integration by the proposed programmatic interfaces. The experimental results show that our approach brings to the end-users a flexible and user-friendly programming environment.

Visual tracking in low frame rate (LFR) videos has many inherent difficulties for achieving accurate target recovery, such as occlusions, abrupt motions and rapid pose changes. Thus, conventional tracking methods cannot be applied reliably. In this paper, we offer a new scheme for tracking objects in low frame rate videos. We present a method of integrating multiple metrics for template matching, as an extension for the particle filter. By inspecting a large data set of videos for tracking, we show that our method not only outperforms other related benchmarks in the field, but it also achieves better results both visually and quantitatively, once compared to actual ground truth data.

Future information systems will involve large numbers of heterogeneous, intelligent agents distributed over large computer/communication networks. Agents may be humans, humans interacting with computers, humans working with computer support, and computer systems performing tasks without human intervention. We call such systems Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems (ICISs). Although we can imagine extensions of capabilities of current ISs and of individual contributing core technologies, such as databases, artificial intelligence, operating systems, and programming languages, we cannot imagine the capabilities of ICISs which we believe will be based on extensions of these and other technologies. Neither do we know exactly what technologies and capabilities will be required, what challenges will arise, nor how the technologies might be integrated or work together to address the challenges.

In this paper, we provide initial definitions for key concepts and terms in this new area, identify potential core contributing technologies, illustrate the ICIS concept with example systems, and pose basic research questions. We also describe the results of discussions on these topics that took place at the Second International Workshop on Intelligent and Cooperative Information Systems held in Como, Italy, October 1991. The workshop focused on core technologies for ICISs. The workshop and the results reflect the multi-disciplinary nature of this omerging area.

Fractal interpolation function (FIF) is continuous on its interval of definition. As a special kind of continuous function, FIFs' integrations on various scales and Fourier transform are studied in this paper. All of them can be expressed by the parameters of the corresponding iterative function systems.

Database integration is an important discipline for constructing heterogeneous multidatabases on one hand. On the other hand, fuzzy information has been introduced into databases and studied extensively. One of the main problems in integration of multidatabases developed in different sites is resolution of conflicts. This problem becomes very complex when databases contain fuzzy information. Little has been reported on integrating fuzzy multidatabases so far. In this paper, we focus on integrating possibility-based fuzzy relational databases. The new types of conflicts arising in schema level and instance level in the fuzzy multidatabase integration are identified. The resolutions of the new types of conflicts are proposed. In particular, a method for identifying the entities in the fuzzy multidatabase integration with incompatible keys is developed.

The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) documents single failures of a system, by identifying the failure modes, and the causes and effects of each potential failure mode on system service and defining appropriate detection procedures and corrective actions. When extended by Criticality Analysis procedure (CA) for failure modes classification, it is known as Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). The present paper presents a literature review of FME(C)A, covering the following aspects: description and review of the basic principles of FME(C)A, types, enhancement of the method, automation and available computer codes, combination with other techniques and specific applications. We conclude with a discussion of various issues raised as a result of the review.

The incompatibilities among complex data formats and various schema used by biological databases that house these data are becoming a bottleneck in biological research. For example, biological data format varies from simple words (e.g. gene name), numbers (e.g. molecular weight) to sequence strings (e.g. nucleic acid sequence), to even more complex data formats such as taxonomy trees. Some information is embedded in narrative text, such as expert comments and publications. Some other information is expressed as graphs or images (e.g. pathways networks). The confederation of heterogeneous web databases has become a crucial issue in today's biological research. In other words, interoperability has to be archieved among the biological web databases and the heterogeneity of the web databases has to be resolved. This paper presents a biological ontology, BAO, and discusses its advantages in supporting the semantic integration of biological web databases are discussed.

Three core imperatives are essential for modern businesses and organizations: seamless integration of customer and operational processes, agility, and the ability to change. These imperatives are relevant in view of successfully executing strategic choices, but all too often not satisfied.

Businesses and organizations are complex adaptive socio-technical systems and can be viewed from two fundamentally different perspectives: the functional (black-box) perspective and the constructional (white-box) perspective. Management and governance of businesses and organizations regard the functional, black-box perspective, which is inherently ill-suited for addressing the imperatives mentioned. It will be argued that establishing system integration, agility and change requires a focus on the system's design, hence necessitates the constructional perspective.

The concept of architecture is considered fundamental for operationalizing the constructional perspective. Next to the more familiar notion of technology architecture, the concepts of business, organizational and information architecture are formally introduced and elucidated. Various domains within these architectures will be highlighted, whereby the importance of coherence and consistency is stressed, especially in view of the ability to change. Collectively, the four architectures are labeled Enterprise Architecture. Finally, enterprise architecture will be positioned as a crucial means for linking strategy development and execution.

Nowadays, Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) constitutes a real and growing need for most of enterprises, particularly for large and dynamic ones. Actually, the major problem of EAI is the heterogeneity problem, especially the semantic one. This latter is not correctly addressed by today's integration solutions, which focus mainly on syntactical integration. Dealing with the semantic aspect, which will certainly promote EAI by providing it more consistency and robustness, needs some appropriate principles such as ontology urbanization and mediation. These latter that constitute the main focus of this paper aim to favor the semantic application integration allowing to correctly capture, structure, master and reason upon the semantics, which currently constitutes a big challenge for several enterprises that are in quest of more flexibility and manageability.

Currently, there is a proliferation of database integration approaches in response to the need to achieve semantic interoperability in heterogeneous, distributed and autonomous environments. To date, however, we lack abstract, formal descriptions of the task of semantic interoperation, independent of idiosyncratic implementation details. Such abstract descriptions are needed to aid our understanding of these various complex systems that are being constructed. Therefore, we argue that a knowledge level perspective of interoperable systems is desirable. The knowledge level serves as an abstract specification of what a system should do and facilitates the design and analysis of complex systems. In this paper, we show how an interoperable system, based on the Context Interchange Architecture, may be specified in terms of first-order logic which is an ideal specification language at the knowledge level. This specification represents a theoretical ideal which serves to formalize and communicate the key ideas behind the Context Interchange Approach, unencumbered by the details, limitations and compromises of specific implementations. As such, it provides a rigorous basis for implementing such systems. Similar specifications may also be developed for other models of interoperable systems. As a result, we have a rigorous means of understanding, comparing and analyzing these complex systems.