Narrow Results

The internal force calculation of the raft foundation of high- and low-rise buildings is complicated, and it is affected by many different factors. Consequently, it does not have a uniform calculation method. The internal force change rules for the thick raft foundation must be obtained to consider the effects of the soil, foundation, and complex high-rise building interactions through a large-scale model test. When the raft flexure is less than 0.2‰, the internal force is calculated by a simple local bending moment method. The control index of raft flexure is 0.5‰, which is useful to the designer.

A procedure based on FEM is proposed to simulate interaction between concrete segments of tunnel linings and soils. The beam element named as Beam 3 in ANSYS software was used to simulate segments. The ground loss induced from shield tunneling and segment installing processes is simulated in finite element analysis. The distributions of bending moment, axial force and shear force on segments were computed by FEM. The commutated internal forces on segments will be used to design reinforced bars on shield linings. Numerically simulated ground settlements agree with observed values.