Narrow Results

In human–human interactions, a consciously perceived high degree of self–other overlap is associated with a higher degree of integration of the other person's actions into one's own cognitive representations. Here, we report data suggesting that this pattern does not hold for human–robot interactions. Participants performed a social Simon task with a robot, and afterwards indicated the degree of self–other overlap using the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) scale. We found no overall correlation between the social Simon effect (as an indirect measure of self–other overlap) and the IOS score (as a direct measure of self–other overlap). For female participants we even observed a negative correlation. Our findings suggest that conscious and unconscious evaluations of a robot may come to different results, and hence point to the importance of carefully choosing a measure for quantifying the quality of human–robot interactions.

The scalar curvature R is invariant under isometric symmetries (distance invariance) associated with metric spaces. Gravitational Riemannian manifolds are metric spaces. For Minkowski Space, the distance invariant is $x\cdot y$, where x, y are arbitrary 4-vectors. Thus the isometry symmetry associated with Minkowski Space is the Poincaré Group. The Standard Model Lagrangian density $L_{\mathrm{\text{SM}}}$ is also invariant under the Poincaré Group, so for Minkowski Space, the scalar curvature and the Standard Model Lagrangian density are proportional to each other. We show that this proportionality extends to general gravitational Riemannian manifolds, not just for Minkowski Space. This predicts that Black Holes have non-zero scalar curvatures $R^{\mathrm{\text{BH}}}\ne 0$. For Schwarzschild Black Holes, $R^{\mathrm{\text{BH}}}$ is predicted to be $R^{\mathrm{\text{BH}}}=-3∕r_S^2$, where $r_S$ is the Schwarzschild radius. The existence of $R^{\mathrm{\text{BH}}}\ne 0$ means that Black Holes cannot evaporate.