Narrow Results

The document presents a general overview of the electron reconstruction, identification and isolation performance in the ATLAS experiment. The results are obtained using 13TeV proton–proton collision data collected during the LHC Run-2. The electron reconstruction efficiency is higher than 97%, and the ratio of data to Monte Carlo simulation efficiency is close to unity, with associated uncertainties generally smaller than 0.1%. The electron identification is shown for three working points, and depending on the electron $E_T$, it can be as low as 60%, increasing to more than 80% above 50GeV. The correction factors are close to one, generally within 5%. Five isolation working points are recommended in the ATLAS experiment, to successfully reject fake/nonprompt electrons. Their dependency on the electron identification working points is shown and discussed, as well as their pile-up dependency, and their performance versus electron $E_T$ and $\eta$.

This paper explores a cosmological reconstruction scheme in the background of $f(Q)$ gravity theory from a Holographic perspective. The basic motivation for this work is that the reconstruction is performed from a holographic origin, which has its roots in the black hole thermodynamics and quantum gravity. Dark energy models inspired by holographic prescription are used to reconstruct the $f(Q)$ gravity models. Two such models, namely, the Granda–Oliveros holographic dark energy model and its generalization, the Chen-Jing model, are considered for the study. Different scale factors are used and a thorough reconstruction scheme is set up using the dark energy models. The observationally constrained values of the free model parameters have been used to form the reconstructed models. Finally, a thorough investigation of the energy conditions has been performed to check the cosmological viability of the reconstructed $f(Q)$ models. As an outcome, we get some very promising and cosmologically viable $f(Q)$ models that present some interesting properties and demand further investigation. Finally, a method is discussed how the constructed $f(Q)$ models can be reconciled with a generalized holographic dark energy.

In this research, we have reconstructed the extended $f({𝒫})$ cubic gravity and symmetric $f({𝒬})$ teleparallel gravity from the $(m,n)$-type Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE) model. We have derived the unknown functions $f({𝒫})$ and $f({𝒬})$ in terms of ${𝒫}$ and ${𝒬}$, assuming a flat, homogeneous, and isotropic universe. To constrain our model parameters, we employed cosmic chronometer datasets and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) datasets, utilizing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. We analyzed the behavior and stability of each model throughout the universe’s evolution by studying crucial parameters such as the deceleration parameter, equation of state (EoS) parameter ${\omega }_{\mathrm{\text{DE}}}$, density parameter $\mathrm{\Omega }(z)$ and the square of the speed of sound $v_s^2$. Additionally, we explored the cosmographic behavior by plotting the jerk parameter, snap parameter, and lerk parameter against the redshift. Furthermore, we examined the ${\omega }_{\mathrm{\text{DE}}}^{\prime }-{\omega }_{\mathrm{\text{DE}}}$ phase plane, the $(r,s^{\ast })$, $(r,q)$ statefinder parameters, and the $Om(z)$ parameter offers profound revelations about the dynamics of the universe and the distinctive features of dark energy. Our analyses indicated that our model could produce a universe undergoing accelerated expansion with quintessence-type dark energy. These findings contribute to our understanding of the nature of dark energy and the evolution of the cosmos.

In this paper, we study Finsler surfaces of constant (flag) curvature. We show that the space of those, with two-dimensional isometric group depends on two arbitrary constants. We also give a new technique to recover Finsler metrics from the specified two constants. Using this technique we obtain some new Finsler surfaces of constant flag curvature with two-dimensional isometry group.

This study identified the impact of a seismic shock on technological progress in earthquake-stricken areas (ESAs) using a synthetic control method. Technological progress was measured using the total factor productivity (TFP) and the TFP growth rate. The ESAs after the Wenchuan Earthquake in China were used as an empirical case study; the Solow residual model was used to assess the TFP and the TFP growth rate in 16 districts. Counter-factual dynamics for the ESAs were constructed to exclude the effect of the macro-economy. The research findings indicate that technological progress in the ESAs after the Wenchuan Earthquake improved as a result of reconstruction investments. However, there were differences in the speed of technological progress between ESAs. These differences may be attributed to the differences in the industrial characteristics between ESAs. The study concludes that the technological progress of the secondary industry, such as the manufacturing industry and building industry, is more resilient. This refers to the capacity to resist economic losses after the seismic shock, compared to the tertiary industry, such as the service industry and tourist industry. However, there was a larger long-term advancement in the technological progress in the tertiary industry compared to the secondary industry after the earthquake. With this understanding, ESA governments can implement appropriate strategies to meet both short-term needs and sustainable economic growth.

We construct the non-canonical kinetic term of a k-essence field directly from the effective equation of state function w_k(z), which describes the properties of the dark energy. Adopting the usual parametrizations of equation of state, we numerically reproduce the shape of the non-canonical kinetic term and discuss some features of the constructed form of k-essence.

We assume that universe is dominated by non-relativistic matter and tachyon field and reconstruct the potential of tachyon field directly from the effective equation of state (EOS) of dark energy. We apply the method to four known parametrizations of equation of state and discuss the general features of the resulting potentials.

Different criteria of constructing clusters and tracing back Δ resonances from the intermediate-energy neutron-rich HICs are discussed by employing the updated UrQMD transport model. It is found that both the phase-space and the coordinate-density criteria affect the single and the double neutron/proton ratios of free nucleons at small transverse momenta, but the influence becomes invisible at large transverse momenta. The effect of different methods of reconstructing freeze-out Δs on the Δ⁰/Δ⁺⁺ ratio is strong in a large kinetic energy region.

In this paper we consider a non-minimally coupled scalar field, and show that its equation of state parameter can cross over -1, ω→-1, and bouncing condition. Also we obtain the stability conditions and consider reconstructing for our model.

We review how we can construct the gravity models which reproduces the arbitrary development of the universe. We consider the reconstruction in the Einstein gravity coupled with generalized perfect fluid, scalar-Einstein gravity, scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, Einstein--gravity, and F(R)-gravity. Very explicit formulas are given to reconstruct the models, which could be used when we find the detailed data of the development of the universe by future observations. Especially we find the formulas using e-foldings, which has a direct relation with observed redshift. As long as we observe the time development of the Hubble rate H, there exists a variety of models describing the arbitrary development of universe.

Commonly used boundary conditions in reconstructing f(T) gravity from holographic Ricci dark energy (RDE) model are found to cause some problem, we therefore propose new boundary conditions in this paper. By reconstructing f(T) gravity from the RDE with these new boundary conditions, we show that the new ones are better than the present commonly used ones since they can give the physically expected information, which is lost when the commonly used ones are taken in the reconstruction, of the resulting f(T) theory. Thus, the new boundary conditions proposed here are more suitable for the reconstruction of f(T) gravity.

We put forward a pressure-parametric model to study the tiny deviation from cosmological constant(CC) behavior of the dark sector accelerating the expansion of the Universe. Data from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) observation are applied to constrict the model parameters. The constraint results show that such model suffers with $H_0$ tension as well. To realize this model more physically, we reconstruct it with the quintessence and phantom scalar fields, and find out that although the model predicts a quintessence-induced acceleration of the Universe at past and present, at some moment of the future, dark energy’s density have a disposition to increase.

The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) is a next-generation positron–electron collider experiment, designed to study various physics topics in the tau-charm energy region. The designed peak luminosity of STCF is $0.5\times 10^{35}{\mathrm{\text{cm}}}^{-2}{\mathrm{\text{s}}}^{-1}$, which is almost two orders of magnitude higher than the current tau-charm factory, BESIII. To implement the offline data processing tasks, as well as tackling the great challenge posed by the huge data volume, the offline software of STCF (OSCAR) is designed to implement the detector simulation, digitization, calibration, reconstruction as well as to provide a common platform for data analysis. This paper presents the status and progress of the OSCAR system, including the design, implementation as well as the preliminary performance of the core software, detector simulation, digitization and background mixing and reconstruction algorithms for all sub-detectors.

This paper presents the reconstructed $F(\mathcal{𝒫})$ cubic gravity from Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE), Barrow Agegraphic Dark Energy (BADE) and New Barrow Agegraphic Dark Energy (NBADE). By considering the scale factor of the universe as $a=a_1{t}^n$ and the deformation quantity of the quantum gravity by $\mathrm{\Delta }$, we have reconstructed the $F(\mathcal{𝒫})$ cubic gravity and then we have analyzed the reconstructed models through cosmic parameters, namely, by deceleration and state parameters taking different values of deformation quantity $\mathrm{\Delta }$. Also, we have focused on the dark energy perturbation stability through the sound-squared speed parameter. Again, we have projected the evolution of the universe in the plane of ${\omega }_{drk}$-${\omega }_{drk}^{\prime }$.

Novel String Banana Template Method (SBTM) for track reconstruction in high multiplicity events in non-uniform magnetic field spectrometer with emphasis on the lowest momenta tracks with significant Multiple Scattering (MS) is described. Two steps model of track with additional parameter/s which takes into account MS for this particular track is introduced. SBTM is time efficient and demonstrates better resolutions than another method equivalent to the Least Squares method (LSM).

In this study, a generalized linear model (GLM) is used to reconstruct mapping from acupuncture stimulation to spike trains driven by action potential data. The electrical signals are recorded in spinal dorsal horn after manual acupuncture (MA) manipulations with different frequencies being taken at the “Zusanli” point of experiment rats. Maximum-likelihood method is adopted to estimate the parameters of GLM and the quantified value of assumed model input. Through validating the accuracy of firings generated from the established GLM, it is found that the input–output mapping of spike trains evoked by acupuncture can be successfully reconstructed for different frequencies. Furthermore, via comparing the performance of several GLMs based on distinct inputs, it suggests that input with the form of half-sine with noise can well describe the generator potential induced by acupuncture mechanical action. Particularly, the comparison of reproducing the experiment spikes for five selected inputs is in accordance with the phenomenon found in Hudgkin–Huxley (H–H) model simulation, which indicates the mapping from half-sine with noise input to experiment spikes meets the real encoding scheme to some extent. These studies provide us a new insight into coding processes and information transfer of acupuncture.

Three-dimensional (3D) CAD models are useful for applications in the areas of CAD/CAM/CAE/CAQ. A desirous trend creating this model is a 3D model reconstruction from views. With this method, geometric information can be easily entered into computers while continuing to use existing 2D drawings in modern applications. Most of the previous works used three views as the input despite many common parts represented by only two views. A reconstruction system using only two views is the subject of this work. The proposed method has been implemented and tested by an Objectarx 2015 program running on AutoCAD 2018. The resultant 3D Solid model has been evaluated for compatibility with CAM/CAQ/CNC systems.

Computed tomography (CT) approach is extensively utilized in clinical diagnoses. However, X-ray residue in human body may introduce somatic damage such as cancer. Owing to radiation risk, research has focused on the radiation exposure distributed to patients through CT investigations. Therefore, low-dose CT has become a significant research area. Many researchers have proposed different low-dose CT reconstruction techniques. But, these techniques suffer from various issues such as over smoothing, artifacts, noise, etc. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed a novel integrated low-dose CT reconstruction technique. The proposed technique utilizes global dictionary-based statistical iterative reconstruction (GDSIR) and adaptive dictionary-based statistical iterative reconstruction (ADSIR)-based reconstruction techniques. In case the dictionary (D) is predetermined, then GDSIR can be used and if D is adaptively defined then ADSIR is appropriate choice. The gain intervention-based filter is also used as a post-processing technique for removing the artifacts from low-dose CT reconstructed images. Experiments have been done by considering the proposed and other low-dose CT reconstruction techniques on well-known benchmark CT images. Extensive experiments have shown that the proposed technique outperforms the available approaches.

The electronic packaging and systems are very important topics as the limitation of miniaturization approaches in semiconductor industry. Regarding the optimal materials microstructure for these applications, we studied different alloys such as Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (wt.%)/organic solderability preservative (SAC305/OSP) Cu and SAC305–0.05Ni/OSP Cu solder joints. We implemented the fractal dimension characterization and microstructure morphology reconstruction. This is the first time that we applied fractals on such alloys. The morphology reconstruction is important for predicting and designing the optimal microstructure for the advanced desirable properties these alloys. These analyzed parameters are important for the hand-held devices and systems especially for the exploitation. The fractal reconstruction was applied on the prepared microstructures with five different magnifications. The results confirmed successful application of fractals in this area of materials science considering the grains and shapes reconstructions.

Accurate measurement of poses and expressions can increase the efficiency of recognition systems by avoiding the recognition of spurious faces. This paper presents a novel and robust pose-expression invariant face recognition method in order to improve the existing face recognition techniques. First, we apply the TSL color model for detecting facial region and estimate the vector X-Y-Z of face using connected components analysis. Second, the input face is mapped by a deformable 3D facial model. Third, the mapped face is transformed to the frontal face which appropriates for face recognition by the estimated pose vector and action unit of expression. Finally, the damaged regions which occur during the process of normalization are reconstructed using PCA. Several empirical tests are used to validate the application of face detection model and the method for estimating facial poses and expression. In addition, the tests suggest that recognition rate is greatly boosted through the normalization of the poses and expression.