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Lying state detection is a typical psychological calculation problem with significant spatiotemporal dynamic changes. However, most existing detection methods have not fully considered the dynamic changes in psychological states, and the distribution information of time series in multimodal spaces has not effectively utilized. The current detection systems lack adaptive fusion methods for multimodal features and it is difficult to extract their spatiotemporal dependencies. Therefore, a novel speech lie detection model was proposed that combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) neural network and multimodal feature fusion of Spatiotemporal Attention Mechanism (SAM). CNN has the ability to extract local spatial features, while BiLSTM can handle long sequences and long-term dependencies in bidirectional information flows, and the contextual information in sequences can be captured. The proposed model combined the short-term stationary characteristics in time and the diversity of semantic environments in space, and introduced SAM to fuse multimodal features of temporal and spatial dependencies as feature vectors for the detection model of lying psychological states. The simulation experiment results on the Open-source Real Life Trial lie database show that the average lie detection rate reaches 88.09%. In general, the proposed speech lie detection model has a significant detection accuracy improvement compared to the existing lie detection models.

This review compares different methods to identify differentially expressed genes in two-sample cDNA arrays. A two-sample experiment is a commonly used design to compare relative mRNA abundance between two different samples. This simple design is customarily used by biologists as a first screening before relying on more complex designs. Statistical techniques are quite well developed for such simple designs. For the identification of differentially expressed genes, four methods were described and compared: a fold test, a t-test (Long et al., 2001), SAM (Tusher et al., 2001) and an ANOVA-based bootstrap method (Kerr and Churchill, 2001). Mutual comparison of these methods clearly illustrates each method's advantages and pitfalls. Our analyses showed that the most reliable predictions are made by the combined use of different methods, each of which is based on a different statistic. The ANOVA-based bootstap method used in this study performed rather poorly in identifying differentially expressed genes.

The growth of biological systems like DNA, peptides and proteins are accredited to the self-assembly processes from the molecular level to the nanoscale. The flawless immobilization of DNA on any surface is quite an important step to the development of DNA-based biosensors. The present paper reports the use of atomic force microscopy to determine the mechanical properties of the as grown and annealed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as well as the mutated DNA immobilized on the SAM. The SAM of alkane thiol (16-mercapto-1-hexadecanol) was developed on Au surface, which was then annealed and analyzed for its structural and mechanical properties. The surface coverage, height and monolayer’s order was studied as a function of incubation time and annealing time. Excessive annealing led to the defragmentation and desorption of SAM structures due to breaking of hydrocarbon bonds. AFM was employed to determine the detach separation, pull-off and work of adhesion of the as grown and annealed SAM.

In order to develop a new DNA sequencing method by using chemical force microscopy (CFM), we have investigated the interaction of the hydrogen bonding between surfaces of nucleobase self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and AFM-tips modified with the nucleobases. The two different adhesion forces, the jump-in force and pull-off force, between the AFM-tip modified with cytosine-SAM and the surfaces of four kinds of nucleobase SAMs were measured in water (20°C) by CFM. The adsorption of poly (C) onto a nucleobase-SAM on a gold electrode of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was measured as resonance frequency changes. The relative relation among four bases showed similar tendency in the adhesion force measured by the cytosine AFM-tip and in the adsorption amount of poly (C) on the QCM electrode as well as in the theoretically calculated interaction energies between two nucleobases.

The structural transformations of self-assembled dodecanethiol monolayers on the Au(111) surface have been studied using variable temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) in vacuum. Dark lines were observed to form at 350 K, followed by the completion of a rather regular zebra-stripe pattern at 360 K. The stripes have three distinct orientations, reflecting the three-fold symmetry of the substrate. There is continuous material transfer between the stripes at 360–390 K, leading to a constant change of shape of the individual stripes. The average width of the strips stays rather constant at ~ 5 nm. At 390 K, the zebra-stripe structure becomes unstable due to the desorption of thiol molecules.

An approach toward molecular information storage employs redox-active molecules attached to an electroactive surface. The chief advantages of such molecular capacitors include higher charge density and more versatile synthetic design than is afforded by typical semiconductor charge-storage materials. An architecture containing two triple-decker sandwich coordination complexes and an S-acetylthiomethyl-terminated tether has been designed for multibit storage. Each triple decker is composed of two phthalocyanines, one porphyrin, and two europium atoms. The oxidation potentials of each triple decker are tuned through the use of different substituents on the phthalocyanines (t-butyl, methyl, H) and porphyrins (pentyl, p-tolyl). Interleaving of the four cationic oxidation states of each triple decker potentially affords eight distinct oxidation states. Two dyads were examined in solution and in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a Au surface. One dyad exhibited eight distinct states in solution and in the SAM, thus constituting a molecular octal counter. The potentials ranged from −0.1-+1.3 V in solution and +0.1-+1.6 V in the SAM. Taken together, this approach provides a viable means of achieving multibit information storage at relatively low potential.

In order to develop a new DNA sequencing method by using chemical force microscopy (CFM), we have investigated the interaction of the hydrogen bonding between surfaces of nucleobase self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and AFM-tips modified with the nucleobases. The two different adhesion forces, the jump-in force and pull-off force, between the AFM-tip modified with cytosine-SAM and the surfaces of four kinds of nucleobase SAMs were measured in water (20°C) by CFM. The adsorption of poly (C) onto a nucleobase-SAM on a gold electrode of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was measured as resonance frequency changes. The relative relation among four bases showed similar tendency in the adhesion force measured by the cytosine AFM-tip and in the adsorption amount of poly (C) on the QCM electrode as well as in the theoretically calculated interaction energies between two nucleobases.