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This chapter reviews and discusses various aspects of texture analysis. The concentration is on the various methods of extracting textural features from images. The geometric, random field, fractal, and signal processing models of texture are presented. The major classes of texture processing problems such as segmentation, classification, and shape from texture are discussed. The possible application areas of texture such as automated inspection, document processing, and remote sensing are summarized. A bibliography is provided at the end for further reading.

This paper addresses the problem of pose invariant generic object recognition by proposing a novel framework which fuses information obtained from 3D appearance and 2D shape cues. The 3D appearance model of the object is captured using linear subspace analysis techniques (2D PCA and ICA) and is used to reduce the search space to a few rank-ordered candidates. For matching based on 2D shape features, we propose the use of distance transform based correlation. We have explored various measures for fusion of 3D appearance and 2D shape cues. Fusion of two linear subspace classifiers, 2D PCA and ICA, gives the best set of rank ordered samples, and then a combined decision of distance transform based shape matching and subspace classifiers selects the object class and pose for recognition. Experiments were conducted on COIL-100 database which contains a wide variety of objects from different classes with complex appearance and shape characteristics. The proposed technique is shown to outperform the other existing techniques in literature. Experimentation shows that the proposed method is more robust to noise.

In this paper, we present an image retrieval system based on the content. The content of images include both low level features such as colors, textures, and high level features such as spatial constraints and shapes of relevant regions. Based on object technology, the image features and behaviors are modeled and stored in a database. Images can be retrieved by examples (show me images similar to this image) or by selecting properties from pickers such as a sketched shape, a color histogram, a spatial constraint interface, a list of key words and a combination of these. The integration of high and low level features in the object-oriented database is an important property of our work.

This chapter presents an introduction to crystallization of organic fine chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds, written for newcomers to the field. The coverage includes the fundamental concepts of solubility, supersaturation, nucleation, growth, and polymorphism. We will also discuss the control of crystal size distribution, crystal shape and purity, and specifically address cooling crystallization and reaction crystallization processes.

As jumping is an effective method of moving over rough terrain, there is much interest in building robots that can jump. Deformation of a soft robot's body is an effective method to induce jumping. Our aim was to develop a jumping robot by deformation of a circular shell made of spring steel to result in the highest jump. Higher jumping requires enlargement of the contact area between the robot body and the floor. We developed a jumping mechanism that utilized a dish shape to maximize contact area.

This paper studies the shape and recovers the structure of modern folk robes through observation and measurement, interviewing experts and utilizing successful methods from related research. The shape of modern folk robe consists of structural characteristics such as cutting the front piece and back piece at the mid-line, a relatively long sleeve length, etc. There are two types of inner structure design method: The inner and back piece as a whole piece or the inner piece as an independent piece. Therefore this study is of positive significance for research improvements of modern folk robes, while inheriting and preserving an intangible piece of culture.

Classical Bézier curves (the parabolic case) with the natural barycentric description are considered. The explicit expressions for lenght, curvature, shape etc. are given. It is introduced the notion trajectory of Bézier curve and by means of the projective isotomic conjugation the corresponding envelope conic surfaces in the space are obtained.

This paper contains selected topics from four lectures given at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in May 2009. We introduce the study of the influence of knotting and linking on the spatial characteristics of linear and ring polymer chains with examples of scientific interest. We describe a few basic concepts of the geometry and topology of knots and measures of the spatial shape of open and closed polymer chains. We then present some fundamental mathematical results concerning them. Next we discuss random sampling methods of collections of open and closed chains that are employed to provide estimates of the spatial properties of the chains. Finally, we discuss implementations of the sampling algorithms, survey consequences of theoretical and experimental results, and discuss some interesting problems deserving further research.

This chapter reviews and discusses various aspects of texture analysis. The concentration is on the various methods of extracting textural features from images. The geometric, random field, fractal, and signal processing models of texture are presented. The major classes of texture processing problems such as segmentation, classification, and shape from texture are discussed. The possible application areas of texture such as automated inspection, document processing, and remote sensing are summarized. A bibliography is provided at the end for further reading.

Starting with research on excavator using environment, analyze the morphological characteristics and the demand of function for excavators in the special application environment. Putting forward innovative design of excavator's body shape and the way of walking based on the urban construction environments, which provide a reference for special excavator design. At the same time, it is a good foundation for building the excavator characteristic statistic database with the basis of special application.