Narrow Results

Many applications which require high speed evaluation of polynomials and exponentials of polynomials can now be implemented in the hardware very efficiently because of the advances in VLSI technology. Several fast algorithms have been proposed in the recent past for the efficient evaluation of polynomials and exponentials of polynomials for equispaced arguments on uniprocessor systems. In this paper, we consider the problem of organizing this evaluation on VLSI chips in the form of systolic arrays. We present linear fault tolerant systolic arrays which can evaluate the polynomials and exponentials of polynomials of any degree for a large number of equispaced points. These organizations have the main advantage that the interconnections between the processing elements are very regular and simple, and hence are very appropriate for VLSI implementation.

I present a brief review on space and time in different periods of physics, and then talk on the nature of space and time from physical arguments. I discuss the ways to test such a new perspective on space and time through searching for Lorentz violation in some physical processes. I also make an introduce to a newly proposed theory of Lorentz violation from basic considerations.

Today in the age of advanced ceramic civilization, there are a variety of applications for modern ceramics materials with specific properties. Our up-to date research recognizes that ceramics have a fractal configuration nature on the basis of different phenomena. The key property of fractals is their scale-independence. The practical value is that the fractal objects’ interaction and energy is possible at any reasonable scale of magnitude, including the nanoscale and may be even below. This is a consequence of fractal scale independence. This brings us to the conclusion that properties of fractals are valid on any scale (macro, micro, or nano). We also analyzed these questions with experimental results obtained from a comet, here 67P, and also from ceramic grain and pore morphologies on the microstructure level. Fractality, as a scale-independent morphology, provides significant variety of opportunities, for example for energy storage. From the viewpoint of scaling, the relation between large and small in fractal analysis is very important. An ideal fractal can be magnified endlessly but natural morphologies cannot, what is the new light in materials sciences and space.

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder (formerly known as SMART-2) is a European Space Agency mission designed to pave the way for the joint ESA/NASA LISA mission by testing in flight the critical technologies required for space borne gravitational wave detection; it will put two test masses in a near-perfect gravitational free-fall and control and measure their motion with unprecedented accuracy. This is achieved through technology comprising inertial sensors, high precision laser metrology, drag-free control and an ultra precise micro-Newton propulsion system.

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) essentially mimics one arm of space-borne gravitational wave detectors by shrinking the million kilometer scale armlengths down to a few tens of centimeters, giving up the sensitivity to gravitational waves, but keeping the measurement technology. The scientific objective of the LPF mission consists then of the first in-flight test of low frequency gravitational wave detection metrology.

In this paper, we present an overview of Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices (ASTROD-GW) optimized for Gravitational Wave (GW) detection mission concept and its studies. ASTROD-GW is an optimization of ASTROD which focuses on low frequency GW detection. The detection sensitivity is shifted by a factor of 260 (52) towards longer wavelengths compared with that of NGO/eLISA (LISA). The mission consists of three spacecraft, each of which orbits near one of the Sun–Earth Lagrange points (L3, L4 and L5), such that the array forms an almost equilateral triangle. The three spacecraft range interferometrically with one another with an arm length of about 260 million kilometers. The orbits have been optimized resulting in arm length changes of less than ± 0.00015 AU or, fractionally, less than ±10^-4 in 20 years, and relative Doppler velocities of the three spacecraft of less than ±3 m/s. In this paper, we present an overview of the mission covering: the scientific aims, the sensitivity spectrum, the basic orbit configuration, the simulation and optimization of the spacecraft orbits, the deployment of ASTROD-GW formation, Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) and the payload. The science goals are the detection of GWs from (i) Supermassive Black Holes; (ii) Extreme-Mass-Ratio Black Hole Inspirals; (iii) Intermediate-Mass Black Holes; (iv) Galactic Compact Binaries and (v) Relic GW Background. For the purposes of primordial GW detection, a six spacecraft formation would be needed to enable the correlated detection of stochastic GWs. A brief discussion of the six spacecraft orbit optimization is also presented.

Constellation or formation flying is a common concept in space Gravitational Wave (GW) mission proposals for the required interferometry implementation. The spacecraft of most of these mission proposals go to deep space and many have Earthlike orbits around the Sun. Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices optimized for Gravitation Wave detection (ASTROD-GW), Big Bang Observer (BBO) and DECIGO have spacecraft distributed in Earthlike orbits in formation. The deployment of orbit formation is an important issue for these missions. ASTROD-GW is to focus on the goal of detection of GWs. The mission orbits of the three spacecraft forming a nearly equilateral triangular array are chosen to be near the Sun–Earth Lagrange points L3, L4 and L5. The three spacecraft range interferometrically with one another with arm length about 260 million kilometers with the scientific goals including detection of GWs from Massive Black Holes (MBH) and Extreme-Mass-Ratio Black Hole Inspirals (EMRI), and using these observations to find the evolution of the equation of state of dark energy and to explore the co-evolution of MBH with galaxies. In this paper, we review the formation flying for fundamental physics missions, design the preliminary transfer orbits of the ASTROD-GW spacecraft from the separations of the launch vehicles to the mission orbits, and simulate the arm lengths of the triangular formation. From our study, the optimal delta-Vs and propellant ratios of the transfer orbits could be within about 2.5 km/s and 0.55, respectively. From the simulation of the formation for 10 years, the arm lengths of the formation vary in the range 1.73210 ± 0.00015 AU with the arm length differences varying in the range ±0.00025 AU for formation with 1° inclination to the ecliptic plane. This meets the measurement requirements. Further studies on the optimizations of deployment and orbit configurations for a period of 20 years and with inclinations between 1° to 3° are currently ongoing.

In this paper, we discuss a cosmological model for a universe with self-regulating features. We set up the theoretical framework for the model and determine the time evolution of the scale-factor $a(t)$. It is shown that such a universe repeatedly goes through alternate periods of matter and dark energy domination. The resulting dynamics oscillates about the would-be ideal time-linear or coasting path, with monotonic expansion. When compared to dynamics of the observed physical universe, the model recovers the observationally established evolutionary features of the latter, from the big bang to the current acceleration, and farther. It suggests a universe that initially emerges from a nonsingular state, associated with a non-exponential acceleration, and which acceleration it exits naturally with matter–energy generation. The model does not have a horizon problem or a flatness problem. It reproduces the observed current values of standard cosmic parameters, including the age $t_0$, the current Hubble parameter $H_0$ and dark energy ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{\mathrm{\text{de}}}$ and matter ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_m$ density parameters. The model is falsifiable. It makes predictions that can be tested, as suggested. Finally, we discuss the dimensionless age $(H_0{t}_0\simeq 1)$ paradox as an example of the model’s ability to address standing puzzles. The findings suggest that dynamics of the physical universe may be self-regulating and predictable.

For α, β ≥ 1. The space is the dual space of introduced by Duran in [Laguerre expansions of Gelfand–Shilov spaces, J. Approx. Theory74 (1993)]. We give a structure for the space , α ≥ 1 as follows: if and only if there exist a sequence {b_m} ⊂ (0, ∞) and a continuous bounded function f on (0, ∞) such that for every d > 0 there exists a constant C > 0 satisfying

Asia-Pacific’s Invisible Malaria Problem.

Philips Launches Health Continuum Space to Enable Co-Creation of Future Healthcare Innovations.

Sensory substitution constitutes an interesting domain of study to consider the philosopher's classical question of distal attribution: how we can distinguish between a sensation and the perception of an object that causes this sensation. We tested the hypothesis that distal attribution consists of three distinct components: an object, a perceptual space, and a coupling between subjects' movements and stimulation. We equipped sixty participants with a visual-to-auditory substitution device, without any information about it. The device converts the video stream produced by a head-mounted camera into a sound stream. We investigated several experimental conditions: the existence or not of a correlation between movements and resulting stimulation, the direct or indirect manipulation of an object, and the presence of a background environment. Participants were asked to describe their impressions by rating their experiences in terms of seven possible "scenarios". These scenarios were carefully chosen to distinguish the degree to which the participants attributed their sensations to a distal cause. Participants rated the scenarios both before and after they were given the possibility to interrupt the stimulation with an obstacle. We were interested in several questions. Did participants extract laws of co-variation between their movements and resulting stimulation? Did they deduce the existence of a perceptual space originating from this coupling? Did they individuate objects that caused the sensations? Whatever the experimental conditions, participants were able to establish that there was a link between their movements and the resulting auditory stimulation. Detection of the existence of a coupling was more frequent than the inferences of distal space and object.

Zurek's existential interpretation of quantum mechanics suffers from three classical prejudices, including the belief that space and time are intrinsically and infinitely differentiated. These compel him to relativize the concept of objective existence in two ways. The elimination of these prejudices makes it possible to recognize the quantum formalism's ontological implications — the relative and contingent reality of spatiotemporal distinctions and the extrinsic and finite spatiotemporal differentiation of the physical world — which in turn makes it possible to arrive at an unqualified objective existence. Contrary to a widespread misconception, viewing the quantum formalism as being fundamentally a probability algorithm does not imply that quantum mechanics is concerned with states of knowledge rather than states of Nature. On the contrary, it makes possible a complete and strongly objective description of the physical world that requires no reference to observers. What objectively exists, in a sense that requires no qualification, is (i) the trajectories of macroscopic objects, whose fuzziness is empirically irrelevant, (ii) the properties and values of whose possession these trajectories provide indelible records, and (iii) the fuzzy and temporally undifferentiated states of affairs that obtain between measurements and are described by counterfactual probability assignments.

This study examines the construction of each search strategy that combines search space, depth and network into innovation. It approaches a search as a problem-discovery process, which occurs during all phases of a problem-solving process. It selects three cases of LG Household and Healthcare’s product and process innovation, which typically occur in the cosmetics industry, where many cosmetic firms have conducted problem discoveries of oriental knowledge for product and process innovation. Knowledge of oriental medicine and fermentation are called, as oriental knowledge is traditionally rooted in Asian culture and practices. Through a qualitative multiple-case study, this study identifies the different combinations of the three components in each search strategy — in terms of core competences. It notices that searches in each innovation are conducted during all phases of each problem-solving process rather than being confined to the initial stage of problem-solving activities. Through discussions of each component, this study reveals that despite the importance of ambidexterity in a search, the value system and absorptive capacity can take an important role in an effective search by properly recognising and evaluating the value of knowledge and turning it into a problem. Secondly, the search depth influences the innovation proceedings and links different pieces of knowledge. Lastly, a search network can facilitate problem discoveries, reduce the risk and uncertainty of each problem formulation and lead to competence building, even though it can be subject to partner availability and strategic compatibility issues.

Based on theoretical reflections about the importance of regions in firm innovation, it is the aim of this paper to assess the probability, as well as the degree, that structural (firm internal) and regional characteristics, such as the type of region, agglomeration economies, regional and inter-regional networking, account for the undertaking of product and process innovations. Guided by four core hypotheses incorporating different theoretical arguments, logistic regression models for urban, intermediate and peripheral regions are set up to test the explanatory contribution of firm-related and regional variables in the realisation of innovations in different regional environments. The data used in this paper originate from an industrial innovation survey carried out in several German regions and two French regions. It will be shown that for firms located in the regions under investigation, "space" clearly matters in innovation. However, this takes place more on a perceptive rather than on a politically defined territorial basis.

We review the formulation of gauge fields in terms of the frame of reference as well as the space in which the frame is defined. We highlighted some recent applications of gauge physics in the momentum space — in the modern fields of the spin Hall effect, the magnon Hall, the optical Magnus and the graphene valley Hall. General procedures of gauge transformation which lead to the construction of the gauge curvature and the equations of motion (EOM) are outlined. Central to this review is our intention to illustrate the impact of gauge physics on the past and future development of many new research fields emerging out of condensed matter physics, particularly in quantum nanosciences and nanoelectronics.

The understanding about the creation of our universe is explored in many philosophies, natural sciences, religions, ideologies, traditions and many other disciplines. Currently, natural science cannot answer this question at the most fundamental level. In this work, based on the ancient Chinese Tao wisdom about creation, we propose the Law of Tao Yin–Yang Creation. This law states that everything is created from emptiness through yin–yang interaction. Yin and yang are the two basic elements that make up everything. Yin and yang are opposite, relative, co-created, inseparable and co-dependent. The Law of Tao Yin–Yang Creation gives us a deeper insight about space and time. We propose that space and time are two basic measurements we conduct. Time relates to the measurement of movement and change. Space relates to the measurement of stillness and solidity. Space and time are a yin–yang pair. Interaction of two fundamental yin–yang pairs, the space and time yin–yang pair and the inclusion and exclusion duality pair, create our universe. We demonstrate that from this insight, one can derive string theory, superstring or M-theory and the universal wave function interpretation of string theory. We suggest that the Law of Tao Yin–Yang Creation presents the exact process how “it from bit” and it could be the fundamental principle leading to the grand unification theory and the theory of everything.

Climate change poses one of the most tangible security challenges of our times. The effort to securitize the issue has sped up since the last decade owing to its increasing existential threats. In spite of this growing realization and development of international regime complex for climate change (Jervis 2020:21), the issue still suffers from what is called a “Climate Change Securitisation Paradox” (Lucke et al. 2020). On the one hand are several securitization efforts by activists, government, and trans-governmental actors revving up a national security debate around it, but on the other hand there remains lack of consensus to undertake much needed extraordinary measures to tackle this inordinate threat. This disjunct between narratives and praxis is even more glaring in outer space where major players have been expanding their futuristic power maximization capabilities. What makes research on climate governance in space daunting and yet indispensable is the inevitability of the space age in human life. It is indeed no exaggeration to state that whoever controls space, will control the future. However, we must manage the spillovers from the space race, most notably in how they could potentially alter climate considerations that may threaten human life back on Earth. This chapter examines two most prominent factors where competitive spacefaring behavior has complicated the already complex and highly debated issue of climate change. First is the problem of space debris polluting and cluttering the Lower Earth Orbit (LEO), and second is the phenomenon of space drag which is directly related with the greenhouse emission produced on Earth which also adds to space cluttering. The chapter analyzes key events and patterns that have led to the increase in space debris and space drag. It highlights the lack of a strong regime complex to control the repercussions of the irresponsible spacefaring behavior of countries like China. It concludes by proposing ways to strengthen the Regime Complex for Climate Change by delving in the concept of Space 2.0 that emphasizes on techniques of augmentation and reconstitution to make spacefaring more cost effective, reusable, and transparent and thereby lessening the problem of space cluttering.

In classical physics there was a clear understanding of what physical space and time are: physical space is the theatre of the collection of all events that are actual at a certain moment of time, and physical time is the parametrization of the flow of time. 3-dimensional space and 1-dimensional time have been substituted by 4-dimensional time-space in relativity theory. But if reality is the 4-dimensional time-space manifold of relativity theory, what is then the meaning of ‘change in time’? We investigate this problem of relativity theory by following an operational approach originally elaborated for quantum mechanics. We show that the contradiction between a geometric view and process view of reality is due to a misconception in the interpretation of relativity theory. We argue that it is not time which is space-like, with the inevitable paradoxical situation of a block universe as result, but on the contrary, it is space which is time-like. This ‘dynamic’, ‘time-like’ conception of space answers the question of the meaning of ‘change in time’ within the 4-dimensional reality of relativity theory, and puts forward a new view on other aspects of the theory.

I present a brief review on space and time in different periods of physics, and then talk on the nature of space and time from physical arguments. I discuss the ways to test such a new perspective on space and time through searching for Lorentz violation in some physical processes. I also make an introduce to a newly proposed theory of Lorentz violation from basic considerations.