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We describe a system for the automated certification of safety properties of NASA software. The system uses Hoare-style program verification technology to generate proof obligations which are then processed by an automated first-order theorem prover (ATP). We discuss the unique requirements this application places on the ATPs, focusing on automation, proof checking, traceability, and usability, and describe the resulting system architecture, including a certification browser that maintains and displays links between obligations and source code locations. For full automation, the obligations must be aggressively preprocessed and simplified, and we demonstrate how the individual simplification stages, which are implemented by rewriting, influence the ability of the ATPs to solve the proof tasks. Our results are based on 13 comprehensive certification experiments that lead to 366 top-level safety obligations and ultimately to more than 25,000 proof tasks which have been used to determine the suitability of the high-performance provers DCTP, E-Setheo, E, Gandalf, Otter, Setheo, Spass, and Vampire, and our associated infrastructure. The proofs found by Otter have been checked by Ivy.

Supply chain management is implementing the standards of Industry 4.0 in order to enhance the trust and safety level in the system with invention of the latest technologies. At the same time, the customers are now more focused towards the product quality. Supply chain management is the demand of the era. However, it is difficult to trace and maintain the track data throughout the process during the supply of a product. The traditional solutions were based on centralized third party solutions, where the data is inclined to various security attacks and high risk of tempering. In this paper, a solution for the management of supply of a product has been proposed which is based on IoT with an amalgamation of blockchain so as to increase the transparency of the flow during the supply of the product. The solution will help to enhance the trust as the data will be shared among all participating nodes of the network in blockchain. It also makes instant traceability of the product and this can be done by both the end of the chain. Moreover, this solution will help the consumer to check whether the product is from a reliable source or not. For the implementation and testing of smart contracts the authors have used Remix IDE, MetaMask and RinkeyBy.

The traditional cockpit display-control system usually has great many instruments and much complex information, which leads to the pilots to take a long time to be familiar with the cockpit interface and often cause accidents when emergencies happen. Thus it is necessary to evaluate the cognitive workload of the pilots under multitask conditions. A simplified evaluation method of cognitive workload by approximate entropy (ApEn) of electroencephalography (EEG) is proposed in this paper. We design a series of experiments about the flight instruments, which have different instrument number, pointer speed, and operation difficulty, and collect the EEG, interval time (IT), and misjudgment rate (MR), then classify and analyze these data with ApEn algorithm, traceability, and dualistic linear regression method. It can be found that ApEn is increased with increasing experiment difficulty, which shows that ApEn can be used as the evaluation criteria of cognitive workload. As the ApEn and the number of dipoles have a positive correlation relationship, the cognitive workload and ApEn are both changed with increasing the number of brain dipoles. Taking MR and IT as the independent variables, and ApEn as the dependent variable, we obtain an empirical formula to simplify the assessment process of the cognitive workload. This study concludes that ApEn can be used as the evaluation criteria of cognitive workload, which could be applied in the ergonomics estimation of human-interface interaction field.

This paper focuses on the traceability issue as key element in systems design and management of system. The work is presented through the system engineering framework with a main emphasis on requirements process. Effectively in decision making, the need for traceability model is often required in order to find out the link for a considered decision and often the semantics of such link. With the advent for information technology and integrating technical needs and business goal, the traceability find its essence and many models can now be easily implemented automatically. The paper is based on many experiences carried out ranging from audit to requirement evolution issues for impact analysis.

With the evolution of manufacturing industry, traceability is becoming one of the fundamental elements of the modern and sustainable manufacturing processes. However, the traceability information platform under a collaborative and integrated manufacturing environment has not been sufficiently addressed. In this paper, the general architecture of a traceability information management platform is proposed for the manufacturing application scenarios, which consists of three hierarchical layers: object configuration and data collection layer, data management layer, as well as data analytics and application layer. The platform is designed for real-time information capturing and integration and to establish the data foundations for potential applications in data-driven decision-making and process optimization. The proposed solution has been implemented in a textile dyeing production line, and realised manufacturing data collection and management with product traceability services, which showed the feasibility and significance of the proposed framework.

Software configuration management (SCM) is a very important feature in the software development area and in many authoring fields. The main purpose of this survey is to introduce readers to SCM in software and hypermedia engineering, presenting general concepts, principles and techniques and considering advantages and open issues. The new challenges proposed by World Wide Web (WWW), which can be seen both as a complex distributed hypermedia system and as a software development environment, are discussed.

Almost every technological process depends in some way on temperature measurement and control; for example, reliable electricity generation, intercontinental flights, and food processing. They all depend on a sophisticated measurement infrastructure that allows temperature measurements to be traced back to the SI unit of temperature, the kelvin, via the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). As temperature cannot be measured directly, practical thermometers measure some temperature-dependent property such as electrical resistance or a thermoelectric voltage, and must be calibrated. Both the thermometers and the calibration artefacts exhibit surprisingly rich physics, which is, in many cases, at the limit of current knowledge and capabilities. We discuss four examples: calculation of phase diagrams of binary alloys in the limit of low solute concentration to quantify the effect of impurities in temperature fixed points; calculation of the effect of impurities and crystal defects on the resistivity of platinum wires of resistance thermometers; calculation of Seebeck coefficients of metals to improve characterization of thermocouple behaviour; calculation of the vapour pressure of noble metals and their oxides to improve characterization of thermocouple calibration drift. This paper discusses the state of the art in these topics, as well as their background, how they relate to real-world problems, and how the scientific community may be able to help.

This paper aims to address the challenges posed by the evolving landscape of measurements, especially in non-physical domains. With a growing need for informed decision-making, the landscape of measurements has expanded significantly. To address this, measurement procedures for non-physical measurements need to be developed. This paper proposes a framework for achieving traceability in non-physical measurements. A six-step process for the creation of novel measurements is suggested by the following steps. Define the underlying concept, dissect the concept into its constituent components, identify suitable measurement techniques, ensure the validity and reliability of chosen techniques, determine appropriate measurement scales and establish a reference for traceability.