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MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology is becoming a crucial enabling technology for optical and RF telecommunication applications due to the performance, cost and integration advantages. All-optical switches and silicon optical benches for optical network systems and RF MEMS components such as RF MEMS switches, tunable capacitors, high Q inductors, and thin film bulk acoustic resonators for miniaturized single chip RF transceivers are discussed. Despite all the promising aspects, practical problems to be addressed for successful commercialization are not trivial. By reviewing optical and RF MEMS research activities and some of the implementation examples, key success factors of MEMS components for the commercialization are discussed.

In this tutorial paper we present equalization techniques to mitigate inter-symbol interference (ISI) in high-speed communication links. Both transmit and receive equalizers are analyzed and high-speed circuits implementing them are presented. It is shown that a digital transmit equalizer is the simplest to design, while a continuous-time receive equalizer generally provides better performance. Decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is described and the loop latency problem is addressed. Finally, techniques to set the equalizer parameters adaptively are presented.

This paper presents a low power RF transceiver for 2.4 GHz ZigBee applications. The current reused inductor-less-load balun low noise amplifier (LNA) with quadrature mixer is proposed for area and power saving for low-IF receiver. The transmitter adopts power efficient power amplifier (PA) to improve transmitting efficiency. This RF transceiver is implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The receiver achieves 6.5 dB noise figure (NF) and 20 dB conversion gain. The transmitter delivers maximum +3 dBm output power with PA efficiency of 30%. The receiver and transmitter front-end dissipate 1.9 mW and 5.3 mW at 1.8 V supply, respectively. The whole die area is 0.95 mm².

With the new age of technology and the release of the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution, there is a need to connect a wide range of devices with varying throughput and performance requirements. In this paper, a digital transmitter of NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is proposed targeting very low power and delay-insensitive IoT applications with low throughput requirements. NB-IoT is a new cellular technology introduced by 3GPP in release 13 to provide wide-area coverage for the IoT. The low-cost receivers for such devices should have very low complexity, consume low power and hence run for several years. In this paper, the implementation of the data path chain of digital uplink transmitter is presented. The standard specifications are studied carefully to determine the required design parameters for each block. And the design is synthesized in UMC 130-nm technology.

This paper presents a highly-integrated transceiver with a differential structure for C-band (5–6GHz) radar application using a switchless and baluns-embedded configuration. To reduce the noise figure (NF) in receiver (Rx) mode and enhance the output power in transmitter (Tx) mode, the balun at RF port is embedded into the low-noise amplifier (LNA) and the power amplifier (PA), respectively. Besides, the RF switch is removed by designing the matching networks that both LNA and PA can share. The same topology is also adopted at the IF port. To achieve a high image rejection ratio (IRR), a Hartley architecture using polyphase filters (PPFs) is adopted. The proposed transceiver has been implemented in 1P6M 0.18-$\mu$m CMOS process. The receiver achieves 6.9-dB NF, $-$7.5-dBm IIP₃ and 26.3-dB gain with three-step digital gain controllability. Also the measured IRR is better than 41dBc. The transmitter achieves 9.6-dBm output power and 19.2-dB gain. The chip consumes 106mA in the Rx mode and 141mA in the Tx mode from the 3.3-V power supply.

A reconfigurable architecture is presented to be compatible with conventional passive operating mode and active mode for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag. The transceiver with frequency locked on-chip oscillator is proposed to increase the read range of RFID system and the lifetime of tag. The transceiver is fabricated in 0.18$\mu$m standard CMOS process with the active area of 0.246mm². For passive mode, the sensitivity of tag is $-17$dBm. For the active mode, the sensitivity is $-32$dBm only consuming 1.2$\mu$W under the supply voltage of 0.8V. The output power is $-10$dBm for active transmitting mode and the power consumption is 450$\mu$W under the supply voltage of 1V.

This paper presents the proposed inductorless RF-Symmetrical DC energy harvester for low power biosensor transceiver. It is designed to benefit from the symmetrical power supply to reduce the low noise amplifier power consumption of the biosensor reception part. Several techniques are used in this work to design a high efficiency RF-DC harvester with minimum number of stages as: the use of the diode-connected CMOS transistor which its bulk is related to its drain to minimize the leakage current and to reduce the threshold voltage for more energy harvesting, and the use of the Greinacher voltage multiplier to decrease the effect of the voltage drop between the drain and the source of the CMOS transistor. The impedance matching circuit between the antenna and the energy converter is designed without inductors to gain more power and space. Conceived under the 0.18$\mu$m TSMC MOS technology with only four stages, the harvester simulation results show a high efficiency of 56% which the minimal voluntary received power is about 0dBm required by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The symmetrical DC output voltage is of 1/$-$1V as expected in the specifications. Therewith, its delivered power is equal to 1mW for storage capacity about 20nF.

In order to mitigate DFE error propagation to reduce bit error rate (BER), a 25Gb/s Non-Return-To-Zero (NRZ) transceiver including a five-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) combined with a dedicated feed forward equalizer (FFE) was first constructed and was found to be helpful in improving signal integrity and reduce errors in high-speed data transmission, which can lead to more reliable and efficient communication. In this transceiver, the effect of multi-tap FFE on error probability with different burst error run lengths was evaluated through a cumulative-probability distribution model. Then, forward error correction (FEC) with different correction capabilities can be also employed to correct burst errors for a better BER performance. Probability-based BER with single/double burst error correcting FEC was derived and a joint optimization of FFE and FEC can be further explored to achieve the target BER. Results show that compared with two-tap FFE, FFE with a post-cursor tap can obtain a BER improvement of 1.5dB at the BER of ${10}^{-7}$, and also enlarge the horizontal opening degree of DFE, which is 0.74 unit interval (UI). Double burst error correcting FEC obtaining 2.2dB coding gain at the BER of ${10}^{-7}$ outperforms single one. When the FEC error correcting capability is 16, the combination of double burst error correcting FEC and three-tap FFE can reduce BER from ${10}^{-9}$ to approximately ${10}^{-12}$. FEC with a larger error correction capability is more likely to achieve the target BER and reduce the complexity of the combination equalizer while ensuring a better equalization performance. The proposed NRZ transceiver, as a part of the physical interface, can be applied to high-speed interconnection scenarios, such as Ethernet, PCIe, and Chiplet.

In this tutorial paper we present equalization techniques to mitigate inter-symbol interference (ISI) in high-speed communication links. Both transmit and receive equalizers are analyzed and high-speed circuits implementing them are presented. It is shown that a digital transmit equalizer is the simplest to design, while a continuous-time receive equalizer generally provides better performance. Decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is described and the loop latency problem is addressed. Finally, techniques to set the equalizer parameters adaptively are presented.

MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology is becoming a crucial enabling technology for optical and RF telecommunication applications due to the performance, cost and integration advantages. All-optical switches and silicon optical benches for optical network systems and RF MEMS components such as RF MEMS switches, tunable capacitors, high Q inductors, and thin film bulk acoustic resonators for miniaturized single chip RF transceivers are discussed. Despite all the promising aspects, practical problems to be addressed for successful commercialization are not trivial. By reviewing optical and RF MEMS research activities and some of the implementation examples, key success factors of MEMS components for the commercialization are discussed.

In order to solve the problems, such as the number of communication base station increase year by year, wide distribution, and huge maintenance workload, this paper describes the design of the power supply monitoring transceiver, which can acquisition base station communication switching power supply system (rectifier, AC and battery) and alarm information for China mobile, China Unicom etc. And the information can be centralized monitoring through GPRS transmitted to the host. The transceiver can solve the power supply anomalies caused by the accident. The proposed power supply monitoring device based on GPRS technology mainly contains five parts. The first one is signal acquisition interface, which connect with PSM-A monitoring module using the CDT standard. The first one sends commands to PC and receive control module used to control the whole equipment data. The second one is SCM. The third one is GPRS communication module, which use Sim900a module, it is used to accept the PC the instruction and the monitoring data is sent to PC. The forth is power supply part and the last one is storage part. In this paper, the design innovation has two parts. The transceiver acts as PC role for monitor equipment in base station monitoring module, and for the monitoring host it is the lower position machine. We also solve the mutual communication between them. We can timely find the power supply problem occurred in the system, so as to save the material and human resources, improve work efficiency. The result has very good effect in practical application.