The Hong Kong Journal of Social Work

Despite tremendous progress in the 20th century in increasing life expectancy and spreading freedom and democracy, serious problems of poverty, environmental degradation, gender discrimination, racial and ethnic discord, and social inequality persist in most parts of the world as we enter the 21st century. A dynamic profession of social work, committed internally to knowledge development and to furthering the competence of its members and externally to high quality care giving and to substantive institutional reform, must carve out a role for itself in meeting the great challenge of our time, viz. balancing economic development with social equity.

During the past ten years, research in the area of investigative interviews of child sexual abuse has focused on the child victim. Current literature in this area can be grouped into eight interrelated categories: (1) the developmental aspects of memory recall, (2) understanding children's language, (3) avoidance of repeated questioning, (4) validation and children's credibility, (5) false allegations, (6) videotaping interviews, (7) using anatomical dolls, and (8) interviewing techniques. A growing concern is the use of developmentally appropriate techniques to avoid false allegations. A dual-focus approach in conducting an investigative interview and 12 guiding principles are recommended for improving social workers' knowledge, skills and attitude.

本文提出一个新的问题：在现代中国人的心灵里，中国古代心理思想是否已成为被博物馆化了的文化古董，连满足情绪需要和治疗心灵创伤的实用价值都没有了，以致我们无法在此基础上，建构出一套适合华人的心理辅导法？在中国古代心理思想中，其实一直存有一套庞大心理辅导体系和颇为缜密的范式。今天需要的是一种足以梳理中国古代心理思想的知识考古方法，并且采用扎根理论 (Grounded Theory) 的研究进路，在结合观察现今华人日常生活的心理运作及行为的基础上，设计出本土的辅导理论和方法，即选择华人所熟悉的心理想法或经验为研究概念，考虑中华文化、社会体系反映在个体心理体系 (包括语言意义系统) 的情况，从中找出华人行为的真正意义，进而寻找适合研究华人及其心理概念的设计及工具，并且在这些设计及工具的基础上，进一步发展足以解释华人心理行为的模式和理论，并据此建立辅导华人的知识体系。

This paper discusses possible ways to develop indigenous counselling theories and techniques that are based on the philosophies and knowledge of Chinese traditional counselling practices. Indigenous theories and techniques should have their own knowledge substance, terminology and language, to describe and understand the Chinese behaviours, which are very different from what are described in the Western counselling theories. To begin with, this paper will give a brief overview of the rationale for developing indigenous counseling theories and techniques. There is a strong psycho-social component in accord with Chinese philosophies about human and nature in the majority of Chinese classical canons. This psycho-social component has a solid scientific ideology and has voluminous empirical evidence. Based upon these materials, this paper suggests that it is possible to develop indigenous counselling approaches that are in accordance with the Chinese world view and cultural practices. All the new indigenous theories, counselling processes and specific interventions should reflect the foundation of Chinese thought. They are the fundamental platform upon which indigenous counselling approaches are built.

社会工作本土化对面对西方文化霸权产生下的社会工作模式的本土应用是必需的反省。但本土化本身就是一个非常复杂的过程，社会工作本质也异常复杂，因此社会本土化基本是一个不易进行的反省。本文作者尝试从有关本地文献中去检视香港社会工作本土化的发展。香港社会工作从 “西方化” 的西方理论的硬套，慢慢地对香港本土的处境有所反省，到九十年代这讨论变得比较热闹。社会工作理念的本土反省和地道知识追寻也揭开序幕。寄望廿一世纪香港社会工作本土化能从理念和处境的反省渐渐展开对本土社会工作理论的追寻。

Social work indigenisation is a necessary reflection under the Western cultural imperialism. However, indigenisation is a highly complicated and multi-dimensional process. The natures of social work are also controversial and diversified. In this paper, the writer tries to discuss the process of indigenisation in social work practice in Hong Kong. It seems that social work practice in Hong Kong gradually removed its attachment on "Westernised model" to reflection of local social and cultural contexts. In the 1990s, the debates on indigenisation began to gain enough momentum for a more comprehensive and holistic reflection of social work practice in Hong Kong.

《内经》为中国现存最早的医学典藉，在多处内容论述发病学，并确立了中医学基础理论，有别於西方医学，自成学术体系。

本文尝试比较中西医学的病因学说，并讨论其对临床的意义和影响。二千多年前，《内经》已确立了中医学的 “整体观” 和 “双因致病学说”，多年来的临床实践已累积了丰富多层次、多样化的治疗和复康手段，当中有很多都可以作为临床社会工作者所借用，与西方理论和介入方法结合，向精神病患者提供更全面的综合治疗。

Inner Canon is the oldest Chinese medicine book in existence. It has detailed discussions on aetiology and established the theoretical foundation of Chinese medicine. Due to its huge difference from the Western medical model, Chinese medicine itself is a unique academic system.

This article attempts to compare the aetiology models of Chinese and Western medicine, and discuss the implications for clinical practice. For over 2000 years, Inner Canon has established the holistic view and dual-factor aetiology as the foundation of Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine practitioners have accumulated much clinical experience in multi-level and multi-dimensional treatment and rehabilitation approaches. Many of these approaches can be borrowed by social workers. Incorporating these interventions with Western theories and skills can provide more comprehensive services to persons suffering from mental disorders.

The study examined whether participants of parent education programmes in Hong Kong experienced gains in parental efficacy, parental empathy, availability of social support, and parenting satisfaction as a result of programme attendance. A single-group pre- and post-programme design was adopted. Data from 130 mother participants showed that they had positive gains in the four dimensions. However, mothers aged 40 and above and those with more than one child did not experience higher parenting satisfaction after the programme. Results also indicated that among the three instrumental variables, social support was the most crucial determinant of parenting satisfaction. Implications for social work practice were discussed.

这项研究主要在探讨家长在参加亲职教育活动後，在作为家长的效能感、对子女的同理心、能得到的支持和作为家长的满足感四方面，是否会有得益。研究采用单组活动前和活动后的设计，参与者包括130名女性家长。结果显示，家长在活动后，在四方面均有显著的提升。 但是他们的获益也因其背景有所分别。对於四十岁以上的家长和那些有多过一名子女的家长，他们在活动後并没有加强了作为家长的满足感。另外，结果指出，家长在过程中是否获得更多支持，是影响他们作为家长的满足感的最重要因素。作者就这些结果，提出了一些实务的启示。

未提供摘要。