International Journal of Big Data Mining for Global Warming

Climate change poses a global challenge with profound impacts on diverse aspects of the environment and human society. Understanding these impacts is crucial for formulating effective mitigation strategies. As one of the most critical threats to sustainable development, climate change is anticipated to affect the environment, human health, food security, economic activities, natural resources and physical infrastructure. This review focuses on climate change, its consequences and mitigation efforts in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has encountered both climate variability and change, evident in an average annual temperature increase of about 1.3^∘C since 1960, with a corresponding rise of 0.28^∘C per decade. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation have also intensified, highlighting the country’s exposure to climate fluctuations. To address these challenges, the Ethiopian government has implemented various policies, strategies and programs aimed at enhancing adaptive capacity and minimizing the impacts of climate variability and change. The Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) of Ethiopia centers on four pillars: agriculture, forestry, renewable energy and advanced technologies. These pillars form the foundation for Ethiopia’s pursuit of a sustainable green economy. In conclusion, this review delves into the examination of climate change, its repercussions and the ongoing efforts to mitigate its effects in Ethiopia.

We assess in this paper the spatiotemporal projections of extreme temperature indices over Algeria derived from the adjusted multi-model ensemble mean (MME) data derived from 11 daily historical simulations of CMIP6-GCMs models that participated in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). The projected spatial patterns of 12 extreme temperature indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices are assessed for two future time periods: the mid-future 2041–2070 and the far future 2071–2100, relative to the baseline period 1985–2014 and under three Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios: low emission SSP1-2.6; medium emission SSP2-4.5 and high emission scenario (SSP5-8.5). The selected climate indices reflect the intensity (TXx, TNx, TXn, TNn and DTR), frequency (TX90p and TN10p) and duration (WSDI, SU, CSDI, TR and FD) of the extreme thermal events. The MME Projections show a global heightened warming over Algeria. Future Climate features depict a continuous increase in the occurrence of hot days by the end of the century reaching 60% for SSP5-8.5 and an amplification of the intensity of the extreme temperature of about 6^∘C for SSP5-8.5 and an extension of the heat wave duration period of about 80 days in the north and 100 days in the south of the country compared to the historical period. However, the study shows a projected simultaneous decline in the cold spell duration of 7 days and in the frost days reaching 25 days. A stabilization of the upsurge trend is remarkably observed for most indices under SSP1-2.6 starting from the 2050s. The future changes depicted in this study should help to assess the distribution of the impacts across different regions of Algeria in order to enhance resilience, establish the appropriate adaptation responses and improve disaster preparedness.

Climatic extreme events will occur more frequently, which will seriously threaten the life safety of residents in arid and semi-arid areas. Cairo, Algiers and Dubai are located at the crossroads of the global climate pattern. Climatic extreme events will seriously threaten the lives of local residents. Therefore, it is of great value to study the impact of the Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB) scheme on these metropolises. Based on the HadGEM2-ES model simulations of the MCB scheme, we used six climatic extreme indices, the hottest days (TXx), the coolest nights (TNn), the warm spell duration (WSDI), the cold spell duration (CSDI), the consecutive dry days (CDD) and wettest consecutive five days (RX5day), to analyze the impact of MCB schemes on the extreme climate in Cairo, Algiers and Dubai in this study. Compared with an RCP4.5 scenario, the implementation of the MCB scheme from 2030 to 2059 would increase the mean annual RX5day index in Cairo by 1.98mm, decrease the average annual WSDI index in Algiers by 26 days and decrease the average annual WSDI index in Dubai by 70 days. The implementation of the MCB scheme is of great significance to mitigate climatic extreme events in Cairo, Algiers and Dubai.

Under the influence of the Arctic amplification, sea ice variability in North Pacific is becoming a key indicator of global climate changes. Due to the widespread and complex impacts of North Pacific sea ice variations, the understanding of its dynamic changes, especially its spatial and temporal evolution patterns, has great significance. In this study, we used the rotated empirical orthogonal decomposition to divide the whole North Pacific into six feature zones on the evolution sea ice concentration under the recent global warming and highlighted the complexity and diversity of sea ice variations in the offshore waters.