International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series

We analyze the bosonic current densities induced by a magnetic flux running along an idealized cosmic string considering that the coordinate along its axis is compactified. We also consider the presence of a magnetic flux enclosed by the compactificatified axis. To develop this analysis, we calculate the complete set of normalized bosonic wave functions obeying a quasiperiodicity condition along the compactified dimension. We show that in this context only the azimuthal and axial currents take place.

Local and non-local integral conservation laws in the Riemann–Cartan spaces are given. Hypothesis of the friedmons as dark matter particles is proposed. The friedmon mass is about $10^9$ GeV, and thesymmetry group is dual for $SU(2)$ one.

The description of gravitation in the framework of soliton interaction is considered for two nonlinear field models. These models are Born — Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics and so-called Born — Infeld type scalar field model. The last model can also be called the extremal space-time film one because of the specific form of the appropriate variational principle. Gravitational interaction is considered in the context of unification for all interactions of material particles. It is shown that long-range interaction of solitons of the models appears as force one and metrical one. The force interaction can be interpreted as electromagnetic one. The metrical interaction can be interpreted as gravitational one.

In nonlinear electrodynamics minimally coupled to gravity, regular spherically symmetric electrically charged solutions satisfy the weak energy condition and have obligatory de Sitter center. By the Gürses-Gürsey algorithm they are transformed to regular axially symmetric solutions asymptotically Kerr-Newman for a distant observer. Rotation transforms de Sitter center into de Sitter equatorial disk embedded as a bridge into a de Sitter vacuum surface. The de Sitter surfaces satisfy $p=-\rho$ and have properties of a perfect conductor and ideal diamagnetic. The Kerr ring singularity is replaced with the superconducting current which serves as a non-dissipative electromagnetic source of the asymptotically Kerr-Newman geometry. Violation of the weak energy condition is prevented by the basic requirement of electrodynamics of continued media.

We present a Kaluza-Klein vacuum solution which closely resembles the Taub-NUT magnetic monopole and we investigate its physical properties as viewed from four space-time dimensions. We show that the Taub-NUT Kaluza-Klein vacuum solution in five dimensions is a static magnetic monopole. We find that the four dimensional matter properties do not obey the equation of state of radiation and there is no event horizon. A comparison with the available magnetic monopole solutions and the issue of vanishing and negative mass are discussed.

In the paper the work of the tidal forces that arise when the relative deviation of the protons on distance of the order of the Compton wavelength near the horizon of Kerr black hole is considered. For ease of calculation the assumption is made that the proton has only a radial component of the velocity. It is shown that the work of the tidal forces at speeds close to the speed of light sharply increases with Lorentz factor and it can obtain very high energy of the Grand Unification order.

The article deals with the Dirac equation in the Newman-Penrose formalism within the framework of Einstein-Cartan theory and behavior of isotropic congruence of autoparallels, i. e. a congruence of the curves along which tangent null vector transferred in parallel.

The gravitational collapse of generalized Vaidya spacetime is considered. It is known that the endstate of gravitational collapse, as to whether a black hole or a naked singularity is formed, depends on the mass function $M(v,r)$. Here we give conditions for the mass function which corresponds to the equation of the state $P=\alpha \rho$ where $\alpha \in (0,\frac{1}{3}]$ and according to these conditions we obtain either a black hole or a naked singularity at the endstate of gravitational collapse. Also we give conditions for the mass function when the singularity is gravitationally strong.

A superluminal motion (hypermotion) via M. Alcubierre’s warp drive is considered. Parameters of the warp drive have been estimated. The equations of starship geodesics have been solved. The starship velocity have been shown to exceed the speed of light, with the local velocity relative to the deformed space-time being below it. Hawking’s radiation does not prove to affect the ship interior considerably. Difficulties related to a practical realization of the hypermotion are indicated.

For theories formulated with a maximally symmetric momentum space we propose a general characterization for the description of interactions in terms of the isometry group of the momentum space. The well known cases of $\kappa$-Poincaré-inspired and (2+1)-dimensional gravity-inspired composition laws both satisfy our condition. Future applications might include the proposal of a class of models based on momenta spaces with anti-de Sitter geometry.

We present a regular spherically symmetric cosmological model of the Lemaitre class distinguished by the holographic principle as the thermodynamically stable end-point of quantum evaporation of the cosmological horizon. A source term in the Einstein equations connects smoothly two de Sitter vacua with different values of cosmological constant and corresponds to anisotropic vacuum dark fluid defined by symmetry of its stress-energy tensor which is invariant under the radial boosts. Global structure of space-time is the same as for the de Sitter space-time. Cosmological evolution goes from a big initial value of the cosmological constant towards its presently observed value.

This paper is devoted to the approach to gravity as a theory of a surface embedded in a flat ambient space. After the brief review of the properties of original theory by Regge and Teitelboim we concentrate on its field-theoretic reformulation, which we call splitting theory. In this theory embedded surfaces are defined through the constant value surfaces of some set of scalar fields in high-dimensional Minkowski space. We obtain an exact expressions for this scalar fields in the case of Friedmann universe. We also discuss the features of quantization procedure for this field theory.

Recently, it has been shown by S. M. de Carvalho et al. (2014) that the deviations between the degenerate case and observations were already evident for 0.7-0.8 M${}_{\odot }$ white dwarfs. Such deviations were related to the neglected effects of finite temperatures on the structure of a white dwarf. Therefore, in this work by employing the Chandrasekhar equation of state taking into account the effects of temperature we show how the total pressure of the white dwarf matter depends on the mass density at different temperatures. Afterwards we construct equilibrium configurations of white dwarfs at finite temperatures. We obtain the mass-radius relations of white dwarfs for different temperatures by solving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation, and compare them with the estimated masses and radii inferred from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4.

The realistic compact star models are considered in $f(R)$ gravity. The main result is that simple modified gravity can be consistent with current observational mass limit of neutron stars, with current data on their masses and radii; also, it simplifies solution of the hyperon problem. The effect of strong magnetic field in $R^2$-gravity is also investigated. The existence of more compact (in comparison with General Relativity) stars with large magnetic fields in central regions is possible. In fact the second branch of stability appears.

We develop the parameterized post-Keplerian approach for class of analytic $f(R)$-gravity models. Using the double binary pulsar system PSR J0737-3039 data we obtain restrictions on the parameters of this class of $f(R)$-models and show that $f(R)$-gravity is not ruled out by the observations in strong field regime. The additional and more strong corresponding restriction is extracted from solar system data.

By using the extension of the Minimal Geometric Deformation approach, recently developed to investigate the exterior spacetime of a self-gravitating system in the Braneworld, we identified a master solution for the deformation undergone by the radial metric component when time deformations are produced by bulk gravitons. A specific form for the temporal deformation is used to generate a new exterior solution with a tidal charge $Q$. The main feature of this solution is the presence of higher-order terms in the tidal charge, thus generalizing the well known tidally charged solution. The horizon of the black hole lies inside the Schwarzschild radius, $h<r_s=2{ℳ}$, indicating that extra-dimensional effects weaken the gravitational field.

We revive the historically first neutrino dark matter model, but with an additional assumption that neutrinos might exist in tachyonic almost sterile states. To this end we propose a group-theoretical algorithm for the description of tachyons. The key point is that we employ a distinct tachyon Lorentz group with another (superluminal) parametrization which does not require traditional introduction of imaginary masses and negative energies, and therefore does not lead to violation of causality and unitarity. Our dark matter model represents effectively scalar tachyonic neutrino-antineutrino conglomerate. Distributed all over the universe, such fluid behaves as stable isothermal/stiff medium which produces somewhat denser regions (‘smoothed halos’) around galaxies and clusters. It is shown to be consistent with observational effects (galactic rotation curves).

In this work we study the Podolsky electrodynamics in the presence of conducting surfaces. We calculate the classical interaction between one perfect conducting plate and one point charge. We also consider the interaction between two parallel conducting plates.

By example of a model with a spatially global scalar field, we show that the energy density of zero-point modes is exponentially suppressed by an average number of field quanta in a finite volume with respect to the energy density in the stationary state of minimal energy. We describe cosmological implications of mechanism.

We consider the single-emitter nanolaser coupled through dipole-dipole interaction with the external atom placed into the coherent pump field. We show that varying of the coherent pump parameters allows to control the quantum fluctuations of the laser field.

The paper presents a theory describing the formation of the coherent population trapping resonance for the finite laser bandwidth in an optically-dense medium of atoms inside a buffer gas cell. The equations of the atomic density matrix are established, as well as the transfer equations of laser emission spectrum inside a cell with working and buffer gas at a determined temperature. The dependence of the quality of the coherent population trapping resonance on the laser bandwidth has been studied in the case of detecting the signal of the transmitted emission and the fluorescence signal.

The characteristics of coherent population trapping (CPT) signal were investigated in small-size glass vapor cells containing ${}^{87}$Rb and Ne buffer gas with narrow line-width laser pumping on D₂ line. The parameters of CPT signals were measured using small-size vapor cells with Ne buffer gas pressure in the range of 200–400 Torr, cell temperature in the range of 65–120 ${}^{\circ }$C and the values of laser pumping power of 30–400 $\mu$W/cm². Optimal conditions, under which the minimal value of short-term instability of resonance line is achieved, were obtained in experiments. Orientation frequency shifts of CPT resonance using glass ${}^{87}$Rb vapor cells containing buffer gas and anti-relaxation coating were compared. CPT signals using vapor cells based on integrated technologies containing ${}^{87}$Rb in atmosphere of Ne were also investigated. The CPT signals with typical line widths of 2–3 kHz and signal-to-noise ratio of 1500 in 1 Hz bandwidth are observed, which allows one to provide relative frequency instability of 10${}^{-11}$ at 100 s.

Different methods are used in the interferometer sensors for target signal extraction. Digital technologies provide new opportunities for precise signal detection. We have developed the principle of signal demodulation using an additional harmonic phase modulation and digital signal processing. The principle allows implementation of processing algorithms using different ratios between modulation and discretization frequencies. The expressions allowing calculation of the phase difference using the inverse trigonometric functions were derived. The method was realized in LabVIEW programming environment and was demonstrated for various signal shapes.

The experimental results of dependence of Allan variance as averaging time for system of two quantum magnetometers with laser pumping of the alkaline atoms are presented. Also the role of different components of luminous frequency shift of a radio optical resonance in case of an optimum operation mode of quantum magnetometers in such system is noted. It is shown that the effect of compensation of luminous shift components allows to reduce Allan variance in times of averaging more, than hundreds of seconds in comparison with the quantum standard of frequency on 0-0 transition.

We analyze resonant light scattering from a dense and disordered ensemble of motionless point-like scatters with uniform (on average) spatial distribution of the density. The average interatomic distance is considered comparable with the resonant wavelength and the mean free path of photon. The inhomogeneity of dipole-dipole interaction near the surface is discussed. Angular distribution of the light scattered from a medium in a slab geometry is calculated. The total reflected light power $P$ and the reflectivity $R$ depending on the optical thickness of a medium $b_z$ are analyzed. It is shown that in the case of small optical thickness ($b_z\ll 1$) $P(b_z)\propto b_z^2$ and $R(b_z)\propto b_z$. With further increasing of the optical thickness we observe oscillations of the dependencies $P(b_z)$ and $R(b_z)$. The attenuation coefficient of these oscillations is discussed.

In this work the study, design, development and experimental results of a new microwave excitation signal generating circuit are presented. New design of this circuit is based on the method of direct digital synthesis. The results of theoretical calculations and experimental researches show that the new design not only has a high precision, but also has an improvement in the spectral characteristics of the output signal. Range of generated output frequencies is expanded, that leads to the possibility of detuning the frequency of the neighboring resonance of spectral line and adjust the C-field in quantum frequency standard. Experimental research of the metrological characteristics of the quantum frequency standard on the atoms of caesium with a new functional unit showed an improvement in the daily frequency stability.

In this paper a mathematical model for femtosecond laser ablation of metals is proposed, based on standard two-temperature model connected with 1D hydrodynamic equations. Wide-range equation of state has been developed. The simulation results are compared with experimental data for aluminium and copper. A good agreement for both metals with numerical results and experiment shows that this model can be employed for choosing laser parameters to better accuracy in nanoparticles production by ablation of metals.

CuInSe₂ thin films were grown by vacuum evaporation of presynthesized material from a single source. The room-temperature photoconductivity spectra of the film show a strongly dependence on the evaporation conditions and, especially, on the evaporation temperature. A shift of the long-wavelenght photoactive absorption edge and the evolution of the photoconductivity spectra of the films were observed. The influence can be explained by allowing for deviations of the compositions of the condensed phase from CuInSe₂ stoichiometry.

We calculate the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance in slow beam of rubidium 87 atoms caused by of their interaction with bichromatic electromagnetic field in two separated spatial domains. In the case of monovelocity beam we study the properties of the CPT resonance depending on type of working transitions, velocity of the atomic beam, intensity and polarization of electromagnetic fields, and space separation in Ramsey scheme.

Multichannel nuclear-resonance magnetometer for remote monitoring of induction and heterogeneity of a magnetic field in different areas inside and near a charged particle accelerator is considered. The maximal distance between the nuclear magnetic resonance signal detector and the magnetometer is 50 m. Measurement error is 0.5%, sensitivity of the magnetometer is 10${}^{-10}$ T/Hz${}^{1/2}$, measurement time of the magnetic field parameters in 24 control points is no more than 4 minutes.

Precision and resolution ability of the frequency-modulated signals time-frequency distributions at the formation of these distributions with the help of pseudo-Wigner processors is investigated. Linear-frequency modulated signals and signals with frequency dependence on time to the higher than the first power are considered. The results of the numerical simulation are presented.