Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship

New entrepreneurs often face failures that can erode confidence and self-efficacy, thereby obstructing progress. This study considers the effects of failure on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and proposes a model based on entrepreneurial learning of how passion and resilience may mitigate these effects. Using data from 423 entrepreneurs (both successful and unsuccessful) in North America, it tests a model via structural equation modeling, in which entrepreneurial self-efficacy is directly affected by failure, and indirectly affected by passion and resilience. The results indicate the negative direct effects of failure on entrepreneurial self-efficacy may be offset by strongly positive effects of entrepreneurial passion and by resilience. This appears to be the first empirical study to test directly the moderating effects of entrepreneurial passion and resilience on the relationship between failure and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In the presence of sufficient passion and resilience, failure may be viewed as a positive influence on self-efficacy. The results suggest that entrepreneurial failure may act as a precursor to entrepreneurial passion. They also suggest that the practical, negative effects of setbacks can be mitigated, or even reversed, by focusing on developing entrepreneurial passion and resilience in new entrepreneurs.

Americans tend to cluster into distinct neighborhoods based on their race/ethnicity. The extent of this clustering can be seen in the differences in the racial/ethnic constitution of the U.S. inner cities and the suburbs. This clustering profoundly affects the success of ethnic entrepreneurs, who are usually dependent on co-ethnic patronage in their ethnic enclaves because of their ethnic identity. Successful ethnic entrepreneurship affects the economic vibrance of the ethnic enclave, the neighborhood’s health and the inhabitants’ wealth. Most African American-owned businesses are in African American enclaves, which are usually in urban areas and depend primarily on African American customers for survival. Individual and group outcomes are influenced by how individuals develop their social identities based on demographic characteristics (Miller, 2019). Social identity theory postulates that the social category into which individuals fall and to which individuals feel they belong forms the basis of their identity (Tajfel and Turner, 1979). However, there are some instances where these expected outcomes are violated. Unlike other ethnic-owned businesses in other ethnic enclaves that are thriving, African American-owned businesses continue to suffer higher failure rates and lower founding rates. As reported in an earlier study, one reason for the low entrepreneurship rates for Blacks is consumer attitudes toward Black entrepreneurs. Consumer attitudes can influence patronage, especially when information asymmetry or bias exists. This paper further explores the relationship between consumer attitudes and intended patronage of Black-owned businesses in the context of neighborhood type. Findings and implications are discussed.

In the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, the food and beverage manufacturing industry faces significant challenges in creating shared value, exacerbated by government policies, financial constraints and outdated practices. Entrepreneurial marketing offers a potential solution, but research on its effect in this context is limited, especially concerning its relationship with organizational ambidexterity and shared value creation. This study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial marketing on shared value creation, with organizational ambidexterity acting as a mediating factor. Data was collected from 201 food and beverage factories in the region, representing 61 percent of selected factories and analyzed using IBM SPSS Amos 24. The results demonstrate a strong positive influence of entrepreneurial marketing on shared value creation and highlight the partial mediating role of organizational ambidexterity in balancing exploration and exploitation. These findings underscore the importance of organizational ambidexterity in shaping shared value in the Kurdistan Region’s food and beverage sector.

This study investigates the factors influencing private economic development in Vietnam and examines the moderating role of entrepreneurial traits. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling on data from 1,060 private enterprises across three regions, we find that market conditions, preferential policies, human resources and institutional quality positively affect private economic development, whereas input costs have a negative effect. Notably, entrepreneurial traits significantly moderate the relationships between infrastructure, market conditions, media and private economic development. The model explains 48.8 percent of the variance in private economic development, highlighting the complex interplay between entrepreneurial characteristics and the business environment. This research contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of private sector development drivers in emerging economies and underscores the critical role of entrepreneurial traits in moderating the effect of economic and institutional factors. The findings offer valuable implications for policymakers and entrepreneurs in fostering private sector growth.

Small household businesses are widespread in Vietnam and are increasingly important for employment and economic growth. However, many are run informally which hinders their growth and harms the country’s economy as well. We utilize logistic regression based on the 2017 Economic Census and 2022 field survey data of formalized firms in Ho Chi Minh City. The size of the household business, use of information technology and revenue transparency influence the intention to convert household businesses into formal enterprises. The transition process can be complicated by various factors such as a household business owner’s unpreparedness, concerns about complications, fear of higher tax payments, limited internal resources, uncertain economic benefits and management regulations that are unsuitable for sole proprietorships.

This study explores how the identities of female independent direct sellers (IDS) influence brand performance in Morocco’s direct selling industry and highlights the entrepreneurial opportunities offered by this sector. Direct selling has become a vital pathway for women in Morocco to achieve economic empowerment and entrepreneurial growth. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 direct sellers in the Moroccan context, this research explores how various facets of IDS identity (personal, social, professional, entrepreneurial and self-projection) contribute to brand performance. The findings reveal that IDS are integral in co-creating the brand’s identity, and that their personal and professional identities significantly affect brand success. However, challenges such as limited educational backgrounds and inconsistent representation can hinder effective brand communication and trust-building with customers. Despite these challenges, IDS have developed critical entrepreneurial skills, including interpersonal communication, negotiation and self-confidence, which are essential for their success. The study also highlights that although IDS have made strides in personal development, their entrepreneurial vision and long-term self-projection remain underdeveloped. This research underscores the importance of aligning IDS identities with brand strategies and provides actionable insights for brand managers to enhance brand performance through targeted support and identity-driven training for female IDS.

Exploring the intricate relationship between national culture and entrepreneurial intentions, this study digs into the effect of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on the entrepreneurial landscape within the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and non-OIC countries. Revealing a nuanced interplay, the research underscores how cultural dimensions such as power distance, masculinity, long-term orientation and indulgence shape entrepreneurial intentions, casting shadows over intent in OIC nations and conversely fostering positivity in non-OIC counterparts. This study’s findings resonate with policymakers and entrepreneurs, advocating for the cultivation of cultural environments that foster and celebrate entrepreneurship–a cornerstone not only for economic growth, job creation and innovation, but also for holistic sustainable development.