Journal of Emergency Management and Disaster Communications

The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in an unprecedented attention and response to health surveillance in China, in which the Health Code has made outstanding contributions to digital social governance as well as epidemic control work. As China steps into the post-COVID-19 era, the Health Code will keep upgrading, optimizing and continue to play a role in regular epidemic prevention and control. This paper reviews the background, promoting reasons, significance and controversies of Health Code, so as to provide reference for the relative research and practical applications in the future.

Social determinants of health and overall socioeconomic disparities play important factors in determining the resilience of communities in the face of disasters and emergencies. The Emergency Management field is only beginning to address these special populations in their preparedness plans, even though these communities are the most vulnerable and thus the most important for overall resilience. Current response and recovery structures do not focus on addressing these disparities and rebuilding communities to be more resilient in the face of disasters, creating an endless cycle of human suffering and economic waste. Through collaborative partnerships, both federally and private, Emergency Managers can establish a response and recovery model, which informs future planning and mitigation, that addresses inequities building a more resilient nation.

Disaster reporting is one part of news reporting because of the particularity of the disaster. It also distinguishes disaster reports from other reports. This paper examines the characteristics of disaster reporting, starting with why disaster reporting is necessary and is supported by agenda-setting theory. It discusses the principles and directions that the mainstream media should pay attention to at each different reporting stage in disaster reporting, as well as the importance of mainstream media’s agenda-setting in disaster events.

The uncertainty, immediate hazards, severe consequences and broad impact of medical emergencies are far beyond the scope of ordinary medical treatment, calling for special attention. The importance of constructing hospital emergency management system has been increasingly reflected. The system not only needs the practical solution of hospital management at the present stage, but also the working direction of the hospital management in the future. In this paper, the emergency satisfaction survey was conducted on the patients in two first-class tertiary hospitals in Shanghai. The service satisfaction scores of a hospital with integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine as well as a general hospital were $4.94\pm 0.32$ and $4.99\pm 0.14$, respectively. There was a significant difference in the service satisfaction scores between the two hospitals ($p<0.0001$). Poor network signal was a vulnerability problem in the dimension of medical auxiliary facilities in both hospitals, accounting for the highest proportion. For the dimension of medical building, the main vulnerability problems were wall cracking and uneven ground, accounting for a high proportion. In the dimension of medical process, the parking inconvenience of a hospital with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was particularly serious, accounting for 81.7%. In the dimension of medical service, the vulnerability of “medical staff overwork” in a general hospital was more prominent, accounting for 39.10%, which was significantly higher than that in a hospital with integrated TCM and Western medicine. In terms of service attitude, the vulnerability of the two hospitals was represented as the poor service attitude of doctors, nurses and managers. In the medical safety dimension of the two hospitals, “lack of assistance in emergencies” and “hospital equipment failures” were the main vulnerability issues. From the perspective of patients, this paper analyzed the current vulnerability problems of the hospital, identified the actual and potential risks of hospital emergency management and put forward suggestions on adjusting the spatial layout, strengthening internal management and comprehensively improving employees’ emergency awareness and skills. This will provide a reference for the hospital’s emergency management system to make necessary adjustments to meet the practical needs.

Objectives: To understand the clinical characteristics and disease spectrum of the aged patients in emergency resuscitation room (RR). Methods: The data of patients aged 60 years or over in the emergency resuscitation room in Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University from September 2020 to August 2021 were collected and retrospectively analyzed in terms of the demographic characteristics, duration of visit, type of disease, duration of stay in the emergency resuscitation room and prognosis. Results: The mean age of the patients was $76.75\pm 9.94$ years, the patients aged from 80 years to 89 years were the most common (35.46%). The most frequent time period of visiting the emergency resuscitation room was 8–12AM (27.66%). The most common diseases were neurological diseases (31.40%), cardiovascular diseases (30.68%) and respiratory diseases (11.31%). The spectrum of diseases with the highest mortality included sudden death and agnogenic disorders (29.35%), advanced tumors (25.27%), followed by neurological diseases (7.23%). The patients with advanced tumor had the longest duration of stay time ($35.13\pm 42.09$h) in the emergency resuscitation room. The difference of ages, the proportion of visiting times and the duration of stay between male and female patients in the emergency resuscitation room did not show statistical significance ($p>0.05$), but the difference of types of disease between males and females was significant ($p<0.05$). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics, visiting time and disease spectrum of the elderly patients in emergency resuscitation room show certain characteristics. Our finding highlights that understanding these characteristics is beneficial to the better treatment for the elderly patients in the resuscitation room.

This study aims to explore the role of official government social media accounts as a source of information during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the types of information that was posted on these accounts and the tools that were used to convey the content to the users. An online survey was conducted to answer the study questions. Findings reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the ways and the goals of communication from the government to the citizens to engage them in the process and enable them to interact with the content and the communicator.

Although human society has developed to an unprecedented height in terms of politics, economy and culture, it is still impossible to avoid local wars, epidemics, earthquakes, fires, floods, snow disasters, mudslides, mine accidents, major traffic accidents, building collapses, and other disasters, causing heavy casualties and property losses. In the face of a sudden disaster, external support is impossible to arrive immediately, and the government rescue department is relatively short of manpower, requiring social rescue forces as an important supplement. Therefore, this paper will analyze the current situation of socialized emergency rescue organizations at home and abroad, and put forward some suggestions on the management policies of socialized emergency rescue organizations in Shanghai.

Disasters have occurred in the United States since our inception. Although we cannot know when or how the next disaster will occur, we can take measures to generally prepare for the effects of disasters. One of these measures is individual preparedness. Individuals may purchase power generators for use in the event of long-term power outages or standard AA batteries and a flashlight for short-term power outages. A struggle for both emergency managers and elected officials is convincing individuals that they should take proactive steps to prepare for the eventuality of a disaster. One policy implemented by five states has been Emergency or Disaster Preparedness Sales Tax Holidays. These states have identified a number of items deemed necessary for disaster preparedness and deemed a particular weekend each year as the “sales tax holiday.” This means that individuals can purchase the goods identified by the state without paying a state sales tax during that period. The basic thought is that by removing the tax and drawing attention to preparedness, individuals may be more likely to purchase these goods and become more prepared for disaster. In this paper, I seek to understand why these sales tax holidays were enacted in these states. Were they done during a policy window after a major disaster as a reactive measure, or were they done prior to a major event as a proactive measure? An analysis of legislative policies in each state, along with an examination of presidentially declared disasters, will be used to explore these questions.

Introduction: We adopt the method of bibliometrics to analyze the annual volume of papers and author distribution in the field of campus emergency management in the past 43 years, to evaluate the main population and types of emergency in this study of campus emergency management, and to discuss the existing management methods. Thus, we explore the research hotspot, research gaps and provide reference for future research. Method: We made a statistical analysis of published literature through bibliometrics, searched relevant papers on campus emergency management in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases and included 364 valid literature works after screening. The characteristics were analyzed from multiple perspectives. Results: The research on campus emergency management is divided into three stages: “incubation period”, “fluctuating growth period” and “rapid development period”. Studies vary widely from continent to continent. There are many differences in the focus groups of different school types in the literature. The proportion of emergencies is divided into wound, disaster, school violence, illness and bombshell and others, accounting for 34.17%, 16.94%, 16.11%, 12.78%, 4.44% and 15.56%, respectively. Conclusion: Through the statistical analysis of English literature on campus emergency management from 1977 to 2020, it can be seen that the uneven distribution of research areas is very serious, and there is not much attention to special types of schools. The subdivision and management of the population are in continuous improvement. The research on campus emergency management has been continuously carried out and improved, with a promising prospect. Practical applications: This study can help explain the current situation and development trend of international campus emergency management, and provide reference for further research.