Nano

Taking care of wounds costs a lot of money. A significant medical problem is the treatment of burns, surgical and trauma wounds and skin wounds, with current therapies primarily emphasizing supportive care techniques. Coagulation, inflammation, angiogenesis, new tissue creation and extracellular matrix modification are necessary processes for successful wound healing. Metal oxides (Titanium, Silver, Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, Nickel) with potent antibacterial and healing characteristics can be employed as nanomaterials in dressings. Metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO-NPs) have a wide range of physicochemical properties that allow them to function as antimicrobial agents through a variety of mechanisms. The treatment of lethal infectious diseases will be impacted by the enormous variety of features demonstrated by MeO-NPs. This study covers the antibacterial mechanisms of common MeO-NPs, factors affecting their antibacterial activity and their role in accelerating wound healing.

The requirement for restoring graphene’s electrical and thermal properties necessitates the implementation of reduction processes that remove oxygen atoms from the surface of graphene oxide sheets. Nevertheless, has been reported that the synthesis of graphene with a minimal oxygen content remains an obstacle in the field of graphene synthesis. The partial restoration of the initial graphene characteristics brought on by the recombination of carbon–carbon double bonds is primarily constrained by the existence of leftover oxygen atoms and lattice flaws. However, the absence of polar dioxide-based groups of function makes it difficult for the substance to disperse. Oxygen-containing functional groups also serve as reaction sites to bond active molecules to reduce graphene sheets. The literature describes many chemical methods to reduce graphene oxide for these reasons. It’s crucial to choose a chemical method that allows a thin modulation of residual oxygen content to tune the end product’s properties. This research demonstrates a synthesis mechanism for the low oxygen-containing thermally reduced graphene oxide (T-R-GO) by employing an electrochemical technique, which is then followed by thermal reduction. An environment-friendly, eco-friendly, simpler, and scalable electrochemical approach was initially used to synthesize graphite oxide. A steady power source of 24V DC (direct current) has been applied while the exfoliation process is being carried out. It has been noticed that there is a potential difference of 1V during the process of exfoliation. This difference is because the electrochemical cell creates a resistance, which results in a potential difference. Within the muffle furnace, the preoxidized graphite was subjected to a thermal reduction process at a temperature of 900${}^{\circ }$C. The microstructure, elemental composition, as well as C/O ratio (ratio of carbon and oxygen), was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). According to the results of EDX, reduction temperature serves a crucial role in the elimination of oxygen functionalities or their derived compounds. The surface topography and thermal stability analysis were analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The crystallinity and disorder in microstructure were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analysis. X-Ray data show that high-temperature annealing restored the RGO structure of the crystal. The interplanar distance is 3.824Å and the diffraction peak is 26.42${}^{\circ }$. Raman bands measured the defect’s I${}_D$/I${}_G$ ratio (intensity ratio) as 0.423. The Raman study shows that the flaws are minimal. This research offers a massive, economical, and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing graphene for use in industry.

Novel nanocomposite MXene/CeCr₂O₄ had been synthesized by means of inexpensive co-precipitation method. This paper reports the smooth nanocomposite of MXene/CeCr₂O₄ by co-precipitation method and the sol–gel route used for spinel cerium chromite (CeCr₂O${}_4)$ nanoparticles in which ethylene glycol chemical is exploited to restrain the accumulation of nanoparticles. The results show the formation of small nanoparticles with an average crystal crystalline size of CeCr₂O₄, MXene, MXene/CeCr₂O₄ nanocomposite is 37.9nm, 18.4nm, 11.15 nm, respectively. Characterizations, such as the X-ray diffraction (XRD), have demonstrated the amorphous nature of nanocomposite. The structural morphology [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] shows the formation of nanocomposite with average particle size ofnm of about 0.59nm. Raman spectroscopy shows that chemical bonding, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminance spectroscopy were performed and 3.56eV is band gap energy calculated from UV spectra. A comprehensive peak was noticed at 1425cm${}^{-1}$ because of bending and stretching oscillations of O–H groups and zeta potential value$=-$19.1mV. All of these results confirmed the successful formation of nanocomposite of MXene/CeCr₂O₄. The resulting MXene/CeCr₂O₄ nanocomposite structure shows evidence of significant characteristics as compared to single material having much potential for numerous applications such as optical, energy storing and conductive applications.

In this work, we constructed the “Biped” Janus Fe₃O₄@$n$SiO₂@TiO${}_{2-x}$&$m$SiO₂ nanoparticles as drug carriers to improve the performance of microwave-controlled releasing drugs. The SEM and TEM characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of the “Biped” Janus nanoparticles. The Fe₃O₄@$n$SiO₂@TiO${}_{2-x}$ core-shell nanosphere showed stable nanoparticles of consistent and desirable diameter of about 250nm. The length and the diameter of the rod-shaped $m$SiO₂ were about 420nm and 310nm, respectively. The cumulative loading rate of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) reached 43wt% after 240min, equivalent to 100.18mg g${}^{-1}$. It was found that the “Biped” Janus nanoparticles had dual-triggering properties of pH and microwave. At pH 7.0, 5.0 and 3.0, the drug release rate was as high as 55.91wt%, 73.78wt% and 77.81wt% at 210min, respectively. Under the microwave stimulation of pH 7.0, the drug release rate was significantly increased from 55.91wt% to 83.86wt% compared with nonmicrowave irradiation. The “Biped” Janus Fe₃O₄@$n$SiO₂@TiO${}_{2-x}$&$m$SiO₂ have high drug loading and release efficiency, and shown good biocompatibility. Therefore, the biped Janus-shaped nanoparticles have huge potential in targeted therapy.

Many biomolecular photothermal therapies in heavy metals detection are expensive and complicated. In this paper, compared to expensive and complex biomolecular photothermal therapy, a new type of coated nanomaterial was used to research Cd in water. We explored the assembly of glutathione-growth gold nanorods through the attachment of sulfhydryl groups on glutathione to the surface of gold nanorods, and studied the optimal incubation conditions for the preparation of Cd by reaction time and temperature. This study expounded the principle using the incubated gold nanorods, and quantitatively determined the content of Cd based on the ($R_0-R)/R_0$ between two plasmon resonance absorption peaks of the gold nanorods. The linear range of the detection of isoniazid was 0.5–5.0$\mu$M, and the detection limit was 0.35$\mu$M. The recovery rates were 88.2–107.1%, and the results were satisfactory. This gold nanorods quantitative method was sensitive and feasible in Cd research in water environment application.

In this paper, a negative capacitance (NC) effect in series with normal oxide capacitance is first time introduced to design negative capacitance charge plasma-based junction less vertical TFET structure (NC-CP-JL-VTFET). The introduced negative capacitance enhances the overall gate capacitance and hence gate capacitive coupling and thus renders high current capabilities with reduced sub-threshold slope and threshold voltage. With the use of negative capacitance along with oxide capacitance, it has been seen that the same drain current is achieved at lower gate voltage as compared to without use of negative capacitance and since the voltage scaling is done considerably, the dynamic power dissipation in circuit application can be reduced significantly. To generate the negative capacitance during the device operation; ferroelectric material $P$(VDF-TrFE) poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene) is used in stack with SiO₂ gate oxide. Various performance parameters of the designed structure such as electron–hole concentration in the tunneling junction, electric field, surface potential, electron–hole quasi-Fermi variation, and drain current variation are investigated and compared with the results of without considering the ferroelectric material in the gate oxide. The variation of the ferroelectric thickness on the device performance is also investigated. The investigation exhibits significant improvement in the drain current and in the other parameters as well. These improvements are seen because of higher capacitive coupling and these effects are further responsible for more energy band bending which in turn govern high electron tunneling. Due to the existence of negative capacitance, the peak value of the electric field gets doubled while the surface potential increases 44% from the normal structure.

Electrospinning is a process in which solid fibers are prepared from polymer solution. In recent decades, studies have focused on improving the properties of electrospun nanofibers by exploring the possibilities of electrospinning different polymers. Two critical properties that have been studied in relation to this technique are thermal stability and mechanical properties. In this study, polyamide-6 (PA-6) nanofibers were prepared by embedding combinations of alumina and tungsten carbide particles. The morphology of the resulting hybrid nanofibers was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric (TGA) techniques, and tensile tests were performed to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results showed that the sample containing tungsten carbide with a weight ratio of 4:10 had the highest melting standard enthalpy. The analysis also revealed that hybrid fibers containing equal ratios of alumina and tungsten carbide, each with a weight ratio of 2:10, had higher degradation temperatures and melting enthalpy compared to other nanofibers. Tensile testing showed that nanofibrous mats containing tungsten carbide had higher Young’s modulus, PA-6 fibers.

WO₃/Cu composite film electrodes were synthesized by hydrothermal combined electrodeposition method. Characterization of samples was conducted by SEM, XRD and XPS, which showed WO₃/Cu composite films had been synthesized. The diffusion coefficient, reversibility, response time, coloration efficiency and transmission rate of the samples were obtained by electrochemical and spectral measurements. The photocurrent and photoelectric catalysis degradation efficiency of the samples were obtained by photocurrent and photoelectric catalysis measurements. The WO₃/Cu composite films improve electrochromic performance, photocurrent and photoelectric catalytic activity compared with pure WO₃ nanoblocks, and the WO₃/Cu composite film obtained by depositing Cu nanoparticles at 50 s shows the highest electrochromic performance, photocurrent and photoelectric catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the direct photocatalytic and electric catalytic activity of the composite film are also discussed. The combined effects of the lower band gap and the Schottky junction lead to significant enhancement in the electrochromic and photoelectrochemical properties of the WO₃/Cu composite film.