Nano

Conductive textiles (c-textiles) allow a significant advancement in wearable technology, offering new opportunities for mobile devices. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with exceptional electrical conductivity, flexibility, and stretchability have been studied as the most promising conductive materials to provide electrical conductivities to insulating textiles. In this paper, an overview of the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of AgNWs and their integration into textile materials are discussed, highlighting their applications to various electronic devices. The diverse applications of AgNWs to transparent conducting electrodes; and multifunctional fabrics capable of sensing, heating, and providing electromagnetic interference shielding are introduced underscoring the versatility and potential of AgNW-based textiles. Based on the overview, challenges of AgNW-based c-textiles including low durability and difficult scalability of production processes are discussed which help readers to understand the future direction of the research of AgNW-based c-textiles.

In recent years, graphene biosensors have received much attention due to their high sensitivity, low noise and low detection limit. Vertical graphene field effect transistors (VGFETs) based on graphene/semiconductor heterojunctions are characterized by high switching ratios and have wide application prospects. In this study, we prepared the ion-gel gate VGFETs and used them for bovine serum albumin (BSA) quantification sensors. The results showed that the adsorption of BSA molecules on the substrate surface was maximized when the ionic strength was 10${}^{-3}$M. The limit of detection (LOD) of BSA concentration was 1$\mu$g/ml, suitable for simple and rapid quantitative analysis of protein molecules.

Surface coatings such as hydrophobic and transparent coatings were applied to cement concrete surfaces using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings, which have nanometer-sized particles. The degree of contact between the liquid and the coated surface reveals the surface’s ability to repel water, commonly referred to as hydrophobicity. By depositing silicon coating on the surface, we successfully achieved superhydrophobicity on cement concrete, providing excellent resistance against water damage. We are striving to replicate the natural superhydrophobic properties found in nature to create artificial surfaces with similar characteristics. In this study, we experimented to develop and evaluate superhydrophobic coatings on cement concrete. The application of PDMS on the cement concrete yielded fascinating results, with the typical contact angle of the coated layer measuring 178 degrees. We utilized ImageJ software to analyze the results. This innovative approach holds great promise for enhancing water repellency in the field of construction.

The objective of this research is to explore the potential of utilizing renewable energy ships (RES) as a sustainable alternative and reducing the need for marine diesel oil (MDO) within the shipping industry. This work concentrates on increasing the thermal performance in RES via the utilization of nanofluids (NFs) that contain a mixture of the base water fluid and titanium dioxide (TiO${}_2)$ nanoparticles. Furthermore, the implementation of the entropy generation minimization and Eyring–Powell fluid model in parabolic trough solar collectors is employed for RES. Moreover, the results indicate that the SFC and LNN supplements resulted in an increase of approximately 1.03% and 0.04% for the SBES, which can be attributed to the greater concentration of the titania nanoparticles. Meanwhile, for the case of USBES, the enhancement was observed up to 1.38% and 0.31%, respectively. Also, the solar radiation parameter played an important role in enhancing the LNN, resulting in an increase of approximately 5.93% and 4.35% for SBES and USBES respectively. This paper provides vital contributions to the sector of sustainable transportation by giving valuable information on the construction and improvement of thermal solar energy technologies.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been considered an effective way to tackle antibiotic resistance. Here, Methylene blue (MB) as photosensitizer was combined with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as drug carriers to make a compound antibacterial agent. The fluorescent CQDs were prepared by hydrothermal method with citric acid (CA) and neutral red (NR) as raw materials. The CQDs can emit 640nm red fluorescence under 520nm laser irradiation. In the antibacterial experiment, CQDs-MB was irradiated with 660nm light. The results showed that CQDs-MB had ideal antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) with 100% antibacterial concentration of 5$\mu$M and 10$\mu$M, respectively. The combination of CQDs and MB enhanced singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generation and the PDT activity of MB, which significantly increased the phototoxicity of MB to bacteria.

The prospect of discovering a cure for cancer has been present for the past two to three decades. Annually, this illness affects approximately 10 million individuals worldwide. Anticancer medications are pivotal in treating cancer and other malignant diseases. In this paper, the physical properties and chemical reactions associated with the anticancer medications of various topological indices (TIs) have been established. Additionally, we have discussed the degree-based TIs and their Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) analysis. In mathematical chemistry, molecular descriptors are essential, particularly for researchers investigating Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and QSPR models. The goal of the QSPR study is to establish a mathematical relationship between the properties under investigation (such as boiling point and flash point) and various descriptors related to the molecular structure of the drugs. Furthermore, we show the correlation with the physicochemical properties of anticancer medications.

This study sought to investigate techniques for lowering diesel engine emissions by using waste seed as an alternative energy source in place of conventional fossil fuels. This study thoroughly investigated the process of transesterifying waste seed oil obtained from Bauhinia purpurea linn for use as fuel in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) nanoparticles serve as a combustion enhancer. The engine outcome metrics were analyzed using diesel, Bauhinia purpurea linn biodiesel (BPLB) and BPLB-BHT blends ($\mathrm{\text{BPLB}}+10\mu$m BHT 10 ppm and $\mathrm{\text{BPLB}}+20\mu$m BHT 10 ppm) without changing the operating circumstances. At full brake power, the $\mathrm{\text{BPLB}}+10\mu$m BHT 10 ppm mix outperformed the BPLB and $\mathrm{\text{BPLB}}+20\mu$m BHT 10 ppm blends, but fell short of diesel. The $\mathrm{\text{BPLB}}+10\mu$m BHT 10 ppm blend reduced smoke opacity by 39.14%, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 42.71%, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 59.03% and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 12.29% compared to neat diesel fuel at maximum brake power.

Modern cosmetic products, with rich formulations of components, have become an ideal breeding ground for microorganisms. Implementing effective preservative systems is crucial to prevent microbial growth and contamination. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a familiar ingredient in cosmetics, can decompose the outer membrane of microbial cells by producing free radicals. Chitosan has shown antimicrobial activities by impairing cell wall integrity by binding to it aiding in the release of cytosolic contents. In line with this, this work was centered on evaluating the antimicrobial efficiency of chitosan-coated titanium dioxide (CS-TiO${}_2)$ nanoparticles against three bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and use them as a self-preservative agent in cosmetic formulations. The growth curve analysis exhibited a dose-dependent delay in bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC${}_{50})$ results revealed that the nanoparticles were effective at 31.25$\mu$g/ml and 62.5$\mu$g/ml concentrations in suppressing S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively. The redox imbalance, membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and cell viability analyses showed that the CS-TiO₂ nanoparticles could disrupt the membrane leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and altering the genetic material. Therefore, the conclusions drawn from this research highlight the proficient microbial performance of CS-TiO₂, proposing its suitability for incorporation into consumer products, especially cosmetics. As far as the authors are aware, this study is believed to be the first to investigate the potential of CS-TiO₂ nanoparticles as a self-preservative.