Nano

Background: A highly effective antibacterial wound dressing was developed in this investigation by developing a novel bioactive functional nanostructure.

Methods: Ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) and Q.infectoria galls (QIG) were processed to obtain their respective extracts. The antibacterial properties of the individual EEP and QIG extracts and their combined effects were investigated. Based on the antibacterial test results, solutions containing polycaprolactone (PCL), PCL/EEP, PCL/QIG and PCL/EEP/QIG were prepared. These solutions were then used to fabricate nanobased mats through electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers were examined in terms of their physical, chemical and biological traits. In order to assess the wound healing capabilities, in vivo experiments were conducted, wherein the efficacy of the scaffolds in combating Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections on wounds was evaluated.

Results: The nanoscale structure of the electrospun nanofibers was confirmed through FESEM analysis, while the successful integration of EEP and QIG in the PCL-based electrospun nanofiber was validated using FTIR. By including both EEP and QIG bioactive extracts in the nanofiber, improved antibacterial and antioxidant activities were achieved without compromising the viability of human fibroblast cells. The use of PCL/EEP/QIG dressings led to wound closure rates of 85% and 100% on the 5th and 15th day of treatment, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination of EEP and QIG extracts.

Conclusions: The remarkable outcomes have presented encouraging prospects for using PCL/EEP/QIG as a highly effective wound dressing with antibacterial properties in clinical trials.

The rare-earth ion doping in nanocrystals has the advantage on improving the interested properties. As one of rare-earths, the trivalent samarium ion (Sm${}^{3+}$) was used as a dopant. The precursor of Sm${}^{3+}$-doped cadmium ferrite (CdFe₂O₄) nanocrystals was reacted in water-soluble polymeric nanoreactors as a dispersed phase in miniemulsion, and then calcinated to form doped nanocrystals. The 1% Sm${}^{3+}$-doped nanocrystal in small size exhibited the smaller narrow gap energy and weak photoluminescent emission intensity; which attributed to the positive influences on the photocatalytic degradation. The selected Sm${}^{3+}$-doped spinel ferrite nanocrystals provide a unique catalyzer for organic compound photodegradation.

Carbon quantum dots (C QDs) were synthesized using lemon juices as a precursor by hydrothermal method. The impact of C QDs on the biomass, density of spores, and morphology of Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) was studied for the first time. The results revealed that C QDs had a graphite structure, and their average size was about 4.25nm. As a carbon source, C QDs were more beneficial to A. oryzae growth than glucose. It has been observed that C QDs worked as an activator to improve the yield of A. oryzae, and the biomass and density of spores of A. oryzae cultured with 15mg C QDs were about 1.46 and 2.00 times higher than that in control medium (without C QDs). Our work can give a new idea for improving the yield of A. oryzae or microorganisms and satisfy industrial requirements.

The research of heat and mass transfer enhancement is influenced by several physical effects such as thermal conductivity, heterogeneous catalytic reaction, heat source/sink, thermal radiation and suction/injection, and is a significant area of study, particularly in the field of applied materials science, nanotechnology and mechanical engineering. The main objective of this research is to analyze and explore the heat and mass transfer of a novel ternary hybrid nanofluids binary nanofluid flow while considering the influences of the control parameters mentioned earlier. The model is developed for Hamilton and Crosser to analyze the radiation mechanism in a fluid system subjected to a Riga wedge. Due to the upgraded thermal transportation, the novel ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNs) show great potential in addressing these difficulties because of their significant properties, which include enhanced thermal conductivity, convective thermal transport and the ability to improve autocatalysis reactions. The governing model equations and boundary conditions are nondimensionalized by introducing suitable similarity transformations. Thereafter, the computational Chebyshev collocation spectral technique implemented in the MATHEMATICA 11.3 environment is used to calculate the numerical solution. The THNs demonstrate an efficiency rate of about 2.79%, with a minimum efficiency rate of 3.27%. It has been revealed that heat generation and solar radiation parameters are significant physical features for enhancing heat transfer processes.

In this study, a cladding-modified fiber-optic sensor is reported for NO₂ gas detection. Monitoring the purity of air is the need of the hour, with the growing technologies. Hence, in this work, Ag-doped CdS is coated over the cladding-removed region of 3cm length by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) which acts as the gas-sensing medium. Ag–CdS is coated over four fibers each with a different coating duration of 10min, 20min, 30min and 40min. Characterization of Ag–CdS is done by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy. The spectral response for different concentrations of NO₂ is studied on the four fibers separately, and it is analyzed and compared. The minimum detection limit is 100ppm and the response time is 10min. Out of the four fibers, Ag–CdS-30 exhibited the best response with a sensitivity of 15.5%. The results are compared with cladding-modified fiber coated with CdS, which was reported previously. The effect of Ag-doping is analyzed.

This study presents a novel method for synthesizing Cu₂O nanoparticles by employing ion exchange within a modified nanozeolite 4A matrix. The nanoparticles had a consistent particle size, predominantly around 6nm, with a narrow distribution. Nanosizing of the zeolite was achieved through high-energy milling treatments, thereby enhancing the surface-to-volume ratio. A band close to 700cm${}^{-1}$ was observed in the FTIR spectrum, potentially indicating that zeolite downsizing was related to symmetric stretching of the Si–O bond postmilling. Furthermore, a distinctive band corresponding to Cu(I)–O stretching vibrations was identified at approximately 600cm${}^{-1}$. Additionally, optical absorption analyses of the UV-Vis spectrum revealed two characteristic bands attributable to Cu₂O nanoparticles at 370nm and 470nm. These findings have led to advancements in resource use and promoted sustainable and environmentally friendly production practices.

Advanced oxidation technology based on PeroxyMonoSulfate (PMS) has become a research hotspot in the field of water treatment. To improve the activation efficiency of PMS, electrochemically assisted spinel type catalyst CoFe₂O₄ was used to activate PMS and achieve effective degradation of acetaminophen. The influence of single factor on degradation was explored to determine the best degradation process parameters of E/CoFe₂O₄/PMS system. Results show that under the optimum reaction conditions (DC voltage is 6V, the initial mass concentration of acetaminophen is 10mgL${}^{-1}$, the dosage of CoFe₂O₄ is 0.3gL${}^{-1}$, and the mass concentration of PMS is 1.5gL${}^{-1}$), the degradation rate of acetaminophen reaches up to 95% within 20min. CoFe₂O₄ catalyst showed a good stability, with only a 12% decrease in acetaminophen degradation after three cycles. Radical quenching tests show that $\cdot \mathrm{\text{OH}}$ and ${\mathrm{\text{SO}}}_4^{-}\cdot$ played predominant roles in the advanced oxidation process. This work provides a new strategy for more efficiency in PMS activation.