Nano

For digital applications, researchers are exploring the use of Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) as an alternative to Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). TFETs offer unique qualities that can be harnessed in digital applications. The presented work focuses on the Drain Engineering Dual Metal Gate based Charge Plasma TFET (DE-DMG-CP-TFET) and its ability to implement various logic functions utilizing 2D device simulations. This simulation refers to employing computational tools to analyze electronic devices in two spatial dimensions, considering parameters such as current-voltage characteristics, electric field analysis, and energy band diagrams. This simulation-based approach enables a comprehensive understanding of the device’s operation under different conditions and facilitates the optimization of its performance. The simulations provide insights into the impact of design parameters, material properties, and device configurations on its functionality. By leveraging the ambipolar nature and gate-controlled tunneling capability of TFETs, compact logic functions can be realized by carefully designing the gate-source overlap and selecting an appropriate silicon body thickness. This research highlights the potential of TFETs in compact logic implementation and demonstrates the value of two-dimensional device simulations in understanding device behavior and optimizing performance. It is demonstrated that by biasing the two gates individually, a single DE-DMG-CP-TFET may implement logic operations like OR, AND, NAND and NOR. Using a gate-source overlap (L_OV) and picking the right silicon body thickness are crucial for obtaining distinct logic functions from a DE-DMG-CP-TFET.

The preparation of a superhydrophobic surface on metal can improve the self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and anti-bacterial properties of the surface. At present, the superhydrophobicity of the sample surface is mostly obtained by modifying the rough surface with fluorine-containing modifiers, which is unfavorable to the environment. Therefore, developing superhydrophobic surfaces without environmental pollution has become a research hotspot. Based on laser etching technology, the rough surface with a micro-nano dual-scale structure was prepared on aluminum alloy, and then a green and natural saturated fatty acid — myristic acid was used to modify the rough surface. Contact angle measuring instrument, depth of field microscope, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to characterize the wettability, surface morphology, and chemical composition of the modified rough surface (S1). Self-cleaning, anti-contamination, antibacterial, mechanical durability, and thermal stability of the S1 surface were tested experimentally. The wetting of droplets on hydrophobic surface was simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software, and a computational model was established to compare different functional structures, so as to understand the influence of parameters on the enhancement of hydrophobic properties of material surface. The results showed that the static contact angle (WCA) of the surface modified by myristic acid reached 152.3°, and the hydrophobic index was -0.808, and the WCA value first increased and then decreased with the change of modification time and concentration. With the increase of myristic acid concentration, the peak value of the contact angle WCA of S1 was negatively correlated with modification time. The self-cleaning rate, anti-stain rate, and antibacterial rate of S1 were 91.4%, 83.6% and 88.4%, respectively, showing excellent self-cleaning, anti-stain, and antibacterial ability. In the mechanical durability test, the S1 surface can resist at least 50 times tape peeling, 30 times steel wool friction and wear, the and 180g sand falling impact test still keeps superhydrophobic. In the thermal stability test, the S1 surface remains superhydrophobic after heat treatment at 100–200°C for 30h. In this study, the multifunctional superhydrophobic surface was obtained on aluminum alloy by laser etching technology combined with a green fluorine-free modifier, which provided some meaningful ideas and references for the green preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces and the application and development of superhydrophobic surfaces in biomedical metals.

Co₃O₄ and CoCO₃ materials have broad development prospects as zinc ion battery materials in water systems. In this paper, Co₃O₄@CoCO₃ composite material for water zinc ion battery cathode was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and the best raw material was selected by screening the cobalt source. Then the temperature and time of hydrothermal reaction were optimized, as well as the temperature and time of calcination, so as to discover the best experimental route for the synthesis of Co₃O₄@CoCO₃ composite materials. The capacity of the Co₃O₄@CoCO₃ composite material rises to 124.89mAh/g after 10 cycles of charge and discharge at 50mA/g current density, indicating its electrochemical performance is good. The XRD analysis of the material shows that the composite is mainly composed of Co₃O₄@CoCO₃ crystal structure, and no obvious impurity is found. As can be seen from the SEM image of synthesized composite material, the main morphology of the material is a round block structure covered with folds, similar to the popcorn shape. The EDS test and element analysis show that all elements are evenly distributed in microscale. Through the analysis of infrared spectra, it can be seen that Co₃O₄ and CoCO₃ are composited together, forming a stable structure, and enhancing the electrochemical performance of the material.

The transition of graphene from the lab to consumer goods is still a challenging job that necessitates efficient and cost-effective large-scale graphene production. This study combines electrochemical exfoliation in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (1M H₂SO${}_4)$ and hydrogen peroxide (3% H₂O${}_2)$ followed by thermal deoxygenation at a temperature of 800${}^{\circ }$C within the ambient environment. This method allows the inexpensive synthesis of pristine graphene for various industrial applications. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results for pristine graphene showed a distinct peak at 2$𝜃=26.39^{\circ }$ with a corresponding interplanar distance ($d_{\mathrm{\text{hkl}}})$ of 3.3754 Å and a crystallite size of 18 nm. XRD statistics indicated that the crystal structure of the original graphene was preserved. The crystalline structure was recovered and the interplaner distance was decreased following the high temperature thermal reduction. According to Raman spectroscopy, the impurity degree (I${}_D$/I${}_G)$ region fraction of pristine graphene was 0.211. This indicates that the original graph produced by the current method has little distortion. Raman analysis shows that there is a linear red shift in peaks D-band (D), G-band (G), and second order of the D-band (2D) due to the increase in phonon–phonon nonlinear interactions with increasing temperature, so that peaks (D), (G) and (2D) shifts are shown. The majority of the functional groups were discovered to be eliminated after high temperature thermal treatment. The three-dimensional graphene sheet is highly defined and intricately coupled in the microstructure analysis, resulting in a laxer and porous structure. When treated at a temperature below 800${}^{\circ }$C, there was only minor damage to the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) microstructure. The results of the Atom Force Microscope (AFM) demonstrated that the flaws spread over time from the layer boundaries and pores to the edges and eventually resulted in a separate RGO archipelago. According to TGA analysis, at temperatures up to 800${}^{\circ }$C, the RGO sheet loses up to 45% of its weight.

Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia has drawn considerable interest in cancer therapy. In this study, we report the synthesis of PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and evaluate their suitability for magnetic hyperthermia applications. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical coprecipitation method, which are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Synthesized nanoparticles possess inverse-spinel structural with a crystallite size of 9.1nm. From the M-H hysteresis loops, it was confirmed that the synthesized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were superparamagnetic. The physical size of bare Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, as determined from the HR-TEM, is $9.5\pm 0.12$nm, and the corresponding hydrodynamic size of PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is $118\pm 0.25$nm. Magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was determined as a function of magnetic field frequency (162–935.6kHz), field strength (5–12mT) and nanoparticle concentration (1–100mg/mL). Temperature rise in an aqueous dispersion of PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was measured for 20min. The specific loss power (SLP) was calculated by the corrected slope method. SLP values of PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles increase with magnetic field frequency and field strength and decrease with nanoparticle concentration. The optimum hyperthermia performance of PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was observed for 935.6kHz frequency, 10mT field strength and 25mg/mL concentration. Under these conditions, the measured SLP of PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was 4.43W/g. These results show that the synthesized PEG-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles could be a potential candidate for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer.

In this study, a new blue-emitting carbon dot (CDs) was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The uniform and transparent CDs solution can be obtained without separation. Its morphology, structural and properties information were also studied. Based on its fluorescence properties, the application in detection and composite film was explored. The CDs show good selectivity and sensitivity for dichromate ions and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), the LOD were 6.22 and 8.14$\mu$M, respectively.

The accelerating fatality rate of breast cancer patients has led to the idea of unconventional therapeutic approach in this work. Here, we report the facile, eco-benign and economically advantageous route for producing iron oxide nanoparticles employing triphala extract (TR-IONPs). MTT assay was used to assess the in-vitro anticancer effectiveness of TR-IONPs against the multi-drug-resistant breast malignant cell (MCF-7). TR-IONPs revealed a concentration-dependent effect on MCF-7 viability, with an IC${}_{50}$ value of 6.8$\mu$g/mL for a 24-h treatment. Thus, the cytotoxic ability was established at a much lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration. As the TR-IONPs did not show remarkable toxicity toward L929 fibroblast cells, they can be trusted as a biocompatible material for real-time biomedical applications. Apoptotic death of MCF-7 cells caused by the release of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was affirmed by DCFH-DA staining, DNA fragmentation assay and cell cycle analysis. Through Kirby–Bauer Disk Diffusion assay, TR-IONPs were found to hold potent antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacterial pathogens. With the demonstrated favorable results, TR-IONPs may serve as a reliable multi-functional material in the field of nanobiotechnology.