Nano

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) residing at complex oxide interfaces has been drawing considerable interests due to its abundant physical characteristics. Moreover, it exhibits a response towards diverse external stimuli and a correlation among different freedoms, like spin, lattice, orbital charge, etc. The most studied objects are SrTiO₃ (STO) and KTaO₃ (KTO)-based heterointerfaces (HIs), which fully utilize their $d$-orbital characteristics. On the other hand, other oxides may also have enough potential to host 2DEG. Here, an investigation has been done for those oxide-based 2DEGs. Five series of oxides are investigated, including stannate oxide, niobate oxide, scandate oxide, germanate oxide and some simple oxides. Most existing works of such novel oxide substrates rely on theoretical prediction severely, while experimentally achieving them still needs much effort. On the other hand, some so-called substrates need to be grown on other solid substrates first. However, proper surface treatment would be a useful way to overcome the difficulties and develop the potential of such novel oxide substrates. These probable series of oxide-conducting HIs will not only be a great breakthrough for the $d$-orbital-based oxide 2DEG systems but may also hold diverse novel physical phenomena, thus pointing out the route for further development of research and fabrication on oxide electronic devices. Hence, we believe a review of the existing works will be meaningful for stepping across the threshold toward the new era of all-oxide electronics.

How to improve the high resolution and remove the noise of composite infrared thermal wave detection image have become important research topics in machine vision. Therefore, this paper proposes a composite image enhancement algorithm based on edge adaptive total variation of direction. Using the improved adaptive directional total variation model to construct the guidance image of the guidance filter can provide better structural information for the guidance filter and conduct the guidance filter. This process is iterated to eliminate noise and ladder effect. Experimental results show that this algorithm is superior to other advanced methods in objective evaluation index and subjective vision. The algorithm proposed in this paper can not only effectively eliminate noise and ladder effect, but also highlight image details and structure information, which proves the effectiveness of this algorithm.

Using cryptography correctly is crucial in the current situation to safeguard data and ensure data security during data transfer. In this digital era, messages must be appropriately encrypted and decoded to prevent data misuse and ensure its accessibility to the intended recipient. Conventional cryptography techniques mostly depend on the mathematical intricacy of the encoding functions and the shared key. One such encoding approach that we may take into consideration is the Vigenere cipher algorithm. In this study, we want to apply this strategy utilizing reversible logic with the assistance of two helpful tools, namely, IBM Quantum (IBMQ) and QCADesigner. The encoder and decoder circuits for the Vigenere cipher are therefore proposed in this work in QCADesigner by utilizing Peres and DG gates in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) that consist of a single layer with 42 cells for encryption and 47 cells for decryption. The proposed circuit outperforms the existing ones concerning area, cell count and latency. Given that the layouts’ energy consumption is assessed, it is guaranteed that the QCA nanodevice might serve as a stand-in platform for the creation of reversible circuits. The same simulation outcome was also obtained while building the identical circuits in a quantum presentation using IBMQ. The two applications are closely connected and both rely on quantum concepts. The outcomes are therefore verified for each of the two situations. The reversible Vigenere cipher technique enhances data security. Further sophisticated low-power nanoscale lossless nanocommunication architecture may be created with the help of the suggested circuits.

Micro/mesoporous materials are low-cost functional materials with the potential for CO₂ adsorption. Modifying micro/mesoporous materials is significant for enhancing CO₂ adsorption and their high-value utilization. Herein, the micro/mesoporous material of composite molecular sieve ZSM-5/MCM-48 (ZM) was synthesized by a two-step crystallization method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template, tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silicon source and ZSM-5 seed as part of silicon aluminum source. Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were used as impregnation modifiers to modify ZM with amine groups. The results showed that with the increase of amine loadings, both ZM-T60 (Impregnated with TEPA) and ZM-P60 (Impregnated with PEI) functionalized adsorbents exhibited the best adsorption capacities of $4.97\mathrm{\text{mmol}}\cdot {\mathrm{\text{g}}}^{-1}$ and $3.28\mathrm{\text{mmol}}\cdot {\mathrm{\text{g}}}^{-1}$ at 60, respectively, when the loading of ZM sample was 60%. The adsorption kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of CO₂ by ZM-T60 and ZM-P60 was a chemisorption-dominated process accompanied by physical adsorption. After 10 adsorption/desorption cycles, the CO₂ adsorption capacity of ZM-T60 and ZM-P60 decreased by 8.7% and 2.6%, respectively. This work demonstrates that impregnation modification of the composite molecular sieve to achieve efficient CO₂ adsorption has practical application significance.

A parity generator as a combinational logic circuit in digital circuits can generate the parity bit in the transmitter. It is very applicable in digital networking and communications. Also, rather than diodes and transistors, quantum dots will be used in the next-generation circuits. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) offers a new platform where binary data is represented by polarized cells that are defined by the electron configurations. Therefore, a coplanar 4-bit parity generator is suggested in this work. This new arrangement eliminates complicated crossovers and provides complete access to all input and output pins. An XOR gate is used to implement the suggested architecture. Simulation waveforms and performance data confirm the proposed circuits’ functioning and advantages. The suggested four-bit parity generator uses less overhead than its equivalents. We simulated and tested the suggested circuit with the assistance of the QCADesigner 2.0.3 simulator. The QCADesigner software findings demonstrate that the suggested design is simpler and less expensive than earlier designs. Compared to the present best design, the suggested four-bit parity generator reduces cell number and latency by 55.29% and 40%, respectively.

In this paper, a thermally aware equivalent single conductor is proposed, along with analytical modeling to evaluate the parasitic parameters of multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) as interconnect, and its performance is analyzed in terms of delay and power delay product (PDP) for 32nm, 22nm and 16nm technology nodes at variable global interconnect lengths (500–2000m). It was examined that with rising temperature, there is a strident decrease in the mean free path (MFP) of GNR interconnect, which further influences its own resistance at global length (2000$\mu$m) for all three technology nodes. The simulation tool Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) is used to estimate and compare MLGNR performance in terms of signal delay and PDP for three different technology nodes. It is revealed from the outcomes that the propagation delay and PDP increase at long interconnects (500–2000$\mu$m) over a temperature range of 200–500K for deep submicron technology nodes (16nm, 22nm and 32nm). A similar investigation was performed on the copper interconnect, and it was discovered that the MLGNR performs better in terms of delay and PDP at global levels with a temperature range of 200–500K for nano-scaled technology nodes (32nm, 22nm and 16nm).

In this work, potassium ion-hydroxyl double modified graphite phase carbon nitride (KCN–OH) was synthesized in one step by alkali hydrothermal (AH) method. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, N₂ adsorption, SEM, XPS, PL, ESR, TPD and EIS. The introduction of potassium ion causes the reduced crystal size, increased specific surface area and promoted electron–hole separation efficiency of as-prepared catalyst. The hydroxyl group not only further improves the electron–hole separation efficiency but, as the electron donor group, can also make stronger interaction between catalyst and acidic phenolic compounds. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol was investigated under visible light. The results show that the phenol degradation rate constant of KCN–OH is 0.22 h${}^{-1}$ under visible light, which is over 3.7 and 2.0 times higher than that of neat g-C₃N₄ and single hydroxyl-modified g-C₃N₄. KCN–OH also displays outstanding catalytic and structural stability. The possible reaction mechanism is discussed in this paper.