Nano

The integration of different disciplines is the core of the application orientation of UIO-66 materials, and it has expanded the boundaries of the application field of UIO-66 materials by exploring infinite space in chemical composition and material properties. Significant advancements have been achieved in utilizing the distinct characteristics of UIO-66 materials, both in basic and practical terms. In this review, our aim is to examine the key achievements in utilizing UIO-66 materials, encompassing areas like gas separation, catalysis, quartz crystal microbalance sensor and energy storage, and offer an essential viewpoint on their progress in practical applications. Finally, we succinctly address the primary obstacles that must be tackled in these domains to lay the groundwork for industrial utilization.

A promising design combining low loss, high refractive index dielectric materials with metal nanoparticles, and local plasma resonance is described for ring-disk nanoantenna. A hybrid Au ring Si disk structure with chain gaps is constructed and the distributions of the electric field and near-field enhancement of the electric fields are analyzed by numerical simulation utilizing the multipole decomposition method. The electric field strength can be enhanced efficiently using metals to improve the anapole mode response of dielectric materials with large refractive indexes. Additional enhancement of the electric field is achieved by opening the chain gap to create high-intensity hot spots inside the disk. The chain comprises 14 normal octahedrons and a few tips are created by intersecting octahedrons. The electric field is greatly enhanced at the tips where there are high-intensity hot spots. The effectiveness of this structure as a refractive index sensor is assessed. The scattering cross-section (SCS) and wavelength shifts result in a maximum sensitivity of 210nm/RIU. The results validate the design concept and the hybrid structure boasting large electric field enhancement and excellent optical sensing properties have large potential in nonlinear photonics.

The study on the evolution of natural ferroan brucite (MgFe(OH)${}_2)$ was beneficial to discovering the function of brucite in the geologic cycle and directing the reasonable utilization of brucite resources. In this study, natural MgFe(OH)₂ was characterized in detail and Rietveld refinement was employed to determine the precise content and existing environment of Fe${}^{2+}$. The reaction products of MgFe(OH)₂ under various atmospheric conditions, including CO₂, O₂ and a mixed atmosphere of CO₂ and O₂ were innovatively investigated to gain insights into the evolution process and the crucial role played by Fe${}^{2+}$. Accordingly, the evolution mechanism of MgFe(OH)₂ under different atmospheres was afforded based on the characterization and molecular simulations like electron transfer and binding energy. Fe${}^{2+}$ in MgFe(OH)₂ layers could be oxidized by O₂ easily and give positive layers, CO${}_3^{2-}$ produced by CO₂ dissolving in water simultaneously was attracted to finally produce CO${}_3^{2-}$ intercalated MgFe- layered double hydroxides (MgFe-CO${}_3^{2-}$-LDHs) which could be used as adsorbents, catalysts and so on. This process was supported by thermodynamics and also the dominant evolution route due to the dynamic reason. The existence of Fe${}^{2+}$ in MgFe(OH)₂ resulted in the diversity of the evolution products. This work highlighted the composition and structure of evolution products of natural MgFe(OH)₂ under different environment as well as its possible application field.

Nanofluids, due to their complex behavior and enhanced thermal properties, are utilized across chemical, biotechnology and thermal engineering disciplines. They are particularly integral to heat transfer processes in heavy machinery and vehicles. This study introduces a novel method for analyzing heat transfer within a tetra nanofluid system through a hybrid analytical and numerical approach. Our research primarily examines the dynamics of a magneto Williamson hybrid tetra nanofluid embedded with motile gyrotactic microorganisms. The study is designed around two scenarios: one investigates the behavior of an Al₂O₃–Cu–CuO–Cobalt/Engine oil nanofluid under suction conditions, and the other under injection conditions. By employing similarity variables, we transform the original fluid flow equations into nonlinear differential equations to further explore the influence of various physical parameters on the fluid’s flow. Such parameters include the nanofluid temperature and velocity as well as the concentration of nanoparticles, and the volume fraction of motile gyrotactic microorganisms. The optimization of the numerical results for skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and microorganisms concentration is validated through response surface optimization techniques. Additionally, the study utilizes Matlab‘s bvp4c function to examine the thermal efficiency and characteristics of fluid flow across a spectrum of parameter values.

The study utilizes the OLCAO-LBFGS-GGA-PBESol method to investigate the structural properties of both doped and undoped brookite TiO₂. Electronic characteristics are explored employing the OLCAO-LBFGS-MGGA-TB09+c approach. Detailed analyses of Density of States (DOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS) are conducted to understand band structures. Both doped and undoped scenarios exhibit a direct bandgap. Moreover, doping induces a reduction in the bandgap value, enhancing its potential for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. The study also establishes a strong agreement between the derived lattice parameters and bandgap for pure brookite TiO₂ and experimental lattice parameters and bandgap value.

Lanthanide-based manganite perovskites due to their possible integration both in conventional Si-based electronics, and in innovative full-oxide electronics, have led to a massive resurgence of interest. The properties and applicability of these perovskites can be tailored with the interplay of foreign ion substation, and thus lot of efforts have been made by the researchers by using various types of compound combinations. In this work, a systematic study of Ba-substituted lanthanide of a chemical formula La${}_{0.57}$Sm${}_{0.1}$Sr${}_{0.33-}{}_x$Ba${}_x$MnO₃ (where, $x=0.0$, 0.05, 0.1, 0.20 and 0.33) was done and the manganites were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method. The structural and magnetic properties were investigated by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, which was also carried out to investigate the thermal stability of the prepared samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) etc. were employed to investigate the crystallographic structure. XRD patterns and selected area electron diffraction patterns revealed the formation of single-phase La${}_{0.57}$Sm${}_{0.1}$Sr${}_{0.33-}{}_x$Ba${}_x$MnO₃ perovskite materials without any signature of secondary phases. Elemental composition of the synthesized samples was investigated by the energy dispersive analysis of X-ray analysis, which confirmed the expected stoichiometry of the prepared samples. TEM and SEM observations revealed the nano-crystalline nature of the prepared samples, where particle size obtained from TEM ranges from 40nm to 70nm. It has been found that structural and magnetic properties of the parent La${}_{0.57}$Sm${}_{0.1}$Sr${}_{0.33}$MnO₃ system were greatly affected by the Ba substitution.

The most promising emerging technology that can reduce the power, area and delay in digital circuits is Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. The Serial Input-Serial Output (SISO) Shift Register (SR) is a basic component in digital circuits. The SISO SR can be designed using two methods in the QCA technology, directly mapping circuits from the CMOS technology and using the inherent capability of the QCA technology. This paper presents and evaluates the new $n$-bit QCA SISO SR that not only uses the inherent capability of QCA technology but also has a regular architecture. The proposed $n$-bit SISO SR is developed based on the building block, which is designed in this paper. In addition, the developed QCA SISO SR has coplanar architecture and it has the ability to correct or change data. The proposed $n$-bit SISO SR is evaluated for 3, 4 and 5 bits using QCADesigner-$E$. The results demonstrate that the designed circuits for 3-, 4- and 5-bit QCA SISO SRs require 68 (0.06 $\mu$m${}^2)$, 92 (0.08$\mu$m${}^2)$ and 116 (0.09$\mu$m${}^2)$ cells (area), respectively. The comparison demonstrates that the developed QCA SISO SRs have advantages in comparison to other QCA SISO SR circuits.