Introduction to Liquid State Physics

The following sections are included:

• Preface

• Contents

The following sections are included:

• Three Phases of Matter: pVT Behaviour of Pure Materials

• Melting and Lindemann's Law

• Molecular Thermal Movements in the Liquid Phase: Brownian Motion

• Qualitative Considerations Continued: Flow Properties of Dense Liquids

• Rigidity of Liquids

• Surface Properties

• Water and Ice Revisited

The following sections are included:

• Excluded Volume and Packing Problems

• Accessible Configuration Space

• Experiments on Random Packing Models

• Origins of Method of Molecular Dynamics

• Free-Volume Approximation

• Free Volume and Entropically Driven Freezing Transition

• Building on Hard Sphere Equation of State: the Model of Longuet–Higgins and Widom

• Hard-Particle Fluid Equation of State Using Nearest-Neighbour Correlations

• Free Volume Revisited in Hard Sphere Fluid

• Hard Particles in Low Dimensions

• Equation of State of Hard-Body Fluids

• Hard Sphere Fluid in Narrow Cylindrical Pores

The following sections are included:

• Thermodynamic Functions for a Fluid

• Specific Heats and Compressibilities

• Fluctuation Phenomena

• Clausius–Clapeyron Equation and Melting

• Free Energy from Partition Function

• Principle of Equipartition of Energy

• Thermodynamic and Other Properties of Hard Sphere Fluid

• Scaling of Thermodynamic Properties for Inverse-Power Repulsive Potentials

• Appendix 3.1 Analogues of the Clausius–Clapeyron Equation for Other Phase Transitions

• Appendix 3.2 Partition Function, Phase Space and Configurational Integral for Inverse Power Repulsive Potentials

The following sections are included:

• Pair Distribution Function g(r)

• Definition of Liquid Structure Factor S(k)

• Diffractive Scattering from a Liquid

• Salient Features of Liquid Structure Factor

• Internal Energy and Virial Equation of State with Pair Forces

• Ornstein–Zernike Direct Correlation Function c(r)

• Thermodynamic Consistency and Structural Theories

• Liquid–Vapour Critical Point

• Fluids at Equilibrium in a Porous Medium

• Appendix 4.1 Inhomogeneous Monatomic Fluids

• Appendix 4.2 The Dieterici Equation of State

• Appendix 4.3 Force Equation and Born–Green Theory of Liquid Structure

The following sections are included:

• Background: Magnitude of Diffusion Coefficients in Gases Contrasted with Liquids

• Fick's Law and Diffusion Equation

• Solute Diffusion at High Dilution in Water and in Non-aqueous Solvents

• Summary of Techniques, Including Computer Simulation, for Determining Diffusion Coefficients

• Velocity Autocorrelation Function in Pure Dense Liquids

• Models of Velocity Autocorrelation Function

The following sections are included:

• Hydrodynamic Variables

• Stresses in a Newtonian Fluid and the Navier–Stokes Equation

• Laminar Flow and the Measurement of Shear Viscosity

• Creeping Flow Past an Obstacle

• Vorticity

• Models of Viscosity

• Transverse Currents and Sound Propagation in Isothermal Conditions

• Microscopic Density Fluctuations and Inelastic Scattering

• Appendix 6.1 Kinetic Calculation of Shear Viscosity for Hard Spheres

The following sections are included:

• Fourier's Law

• Studies of Heat Conduction by Molecular Dynamics

• Electronic Contribution to Heat Conduction in Liquid Metals

• Thermodynamics with Mass Motion and Entropy Production

• The Effect of Heat Flow on Sound Wave Propagation

• Binary Fluids

• Superfluid Helium

• Appendix 7.1 Kinetic Theory of Thermal and Electrical Conductivity

• Appendix 7.2 Hydrodynamics of Superfluid Helium in the Two-Fluid Model

The following sections are included:

• Classical One-Component Plasma: Static and Dynamic Screening

• Macroscopic Properties of Molten Salts

• Structural Functions for Multicomponent Fluids

• Coulomb Ordering in Monohalides and Dihalides

• Structure of Trivalent-Metal Halides

• Transport and Dynamics in Molten Salts

• Chemical Short-Range Order in Liquid Alloys

The following sections are included:

• Outline

• Elemental Molecular Liquids

• Orientational Pair Correlation Function from Diffraction Experiments

• Polymers

• Liquid Crystal Phases

• Nematic Liquid Crystals and their Phase Transitions

• Appendix 9.1 Melting and Orientational Disorder

• Appendix 9.2 Crystallisation from Solution

The following sections are included:

• Macroscopic Characteristics of a Glass and the Glass Transition

• Kinetics of Nucleation and Phase Changes

• The Structure of Amorphous Solids

• Thermodynamic Aspects and Free Energy Landscape

• Atomic Motions in the Glassy State

• Supercooled and Glassy Materials

The following sections are included:

• Introduction to Non-Newtonian Flow Behaviour

• Viscosity in Uniaxial Liquid

• Flow Birefringence and Flow Alignment

• Non-Newtonian Behaviour in Polymeric Liquids

• Flow in Nematic Liquid Crystals

• Colloidal Dispersions and Suspensions

• Surfactant Systems

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Instabilities in Fluids

• Evolution of Bénard Convection with Increasing Rayleigh Number

• Energy Cascade in Homogeneous Turbulence

• Diffusion in Homogeneous Turbulence

• Turbulent Shear Flows

• Turbulence in Compressible Fluids

• Turbulent Behaviour of Non-Newtonian Fluids

• Appendix 12.1 Navier–Stokes Equation: Analogy with Maxwell's Equations

• Appendix 12.2 Series Solution of Navier–Stokes Equation

The following sections are included:

• Background and Empirical Correlations

• Definition of a Surface and its Thermodynamic Properties

• Phenomenology

• Microscopic Theories: Direct Correlation Function

• Microscopic Theories: Two-Particle Distribution Function

• Interfacial Dynamics

• Interfacial Transport and Rheology

The following sections are included:

• Ideal Fermi and Bose Gases

• Boson Fluids

• Normal Fermion Fluids

• BCS Superconductivity and Superfluidity in Fermion Fluids

• Electron Theory of Liquid Metals

• Liquid Hydrogen Plasmas and the Giant Planets

• Appendix 14.1 Density Profiles in the Perturbed Electron Gas

The following sections are included:

• References

• Index