Applied Psychology

The following sections are included:

• PREFACE
• ACAP ADVISORY BOARD
• CONTENTS

Transportation psychology recognizes how subjective norms, or perceived approvals or disapproval from significant others, are known to impact intention – an immediate antecedent of behavior to opt for public transportation. This writing focuses on In-Trans, a free-of-charge shuttle bus facility provided by Jaya Real Property (JRP) property developer in Bintaro Jaya area – a 2,000 hectare, self-contained, residential and commercial properties in South Tangerang. By conducting a survey to 202 students of Pembangunan Jaya University located in Bintaro Jaya, this research captures that in using In-Trans, friends are key referents whose approvals they are motivated to comply with. It is hoped that this will lead to a greater understanding of travel mode choice, especially for advancing green sustainable transportation.

This study examines the relationship between psychological safety and organisational performance in Indonesian companies. Drawing upon our 80 piloted responses survey results, we identify new theoretical dimensions for psychological safety such as physical risk audit and emotional inner whilst employee's well-being as a new construct which augments the non-financial performance measurement concept. In fact, previous studies overlooked them in the theoretical conceptualisation. This preliminary study shows some significant relationships between psychological safety dimensions and organisational performance. Hence, it gives novel insights for the theoretical conceptualisation of psychological safety and organisational performance. However, this study has some limitations; thus, managerial implications should cautiously be considered.

The similarity-attraction link has received largely consistent support across decades, with prior research on organizational leadership demonstrating how similarity positively influences employees' appraisals of their supervisors and facilitates leader-member exchanges (LMX). However, little research has applied this similarity-attraction link in understanding how similarity impacts perceptions of student leaders within a college context, where student body elections are common practice. Drawing on Construal Level Theory (CLT), this research explored how attitude similarity influenced undergraduates' likeability and mental representations of their student leaders. 124 undergraduates were presented with a hypothetical student leader who held either similar or dissimilar attitudes from them on a number of pertinent school issues. Additionally, information about the leader was framed either in terms of general character traits (high-level construal condition), or contextualized behaviours (low-level construal condition). Participants then completed a Leader Evaluation Scale (LES), which was an overall measure of likeability towards the leader. While analyses revealed significant effects of attitude similarity and construal level on likeability of student leaders, CLT was unsupported in this context. Results obtained support previous research conducted in this direction, and reinforce the integral role of attitude similarity in promoting positive first impressions towards student leaders in college.

Introduction: Consultation liaison has been an integral part of psychiatric and psychological practices in public and private healthcare setups in the West for a long time. In India the concept has not proliferated in the manner that practitioners would have expected it to. Methodology: This paper examines the impact of providing integrated psychological liaising with major medical specialties of a mainstream, urban, metropolitan based chain of hospitals. The stakeholders' experiences have been evaluated using self-report measures, and the rate of referrals has been examined over a period of three years. Results: A quantitative analysis of the data revealed a significant increase in the rate of referrals for psychological counselling, along with high levels of patient and caregiver satisfaction. Further thematic analysis of the stakeholders' experiences has been indicative of significant benefits of the counselling services being evaluated. Conclusion: Providing for psychological counselling and support services for patients and their caregivers have been found to improve patient experiences and satisfaction, providing for greater space for intervention for problems relating to mental health.

Previous research has established abstract mindedness as one of the various factors which encourage prosocial behaviour in individuals. This study explored the relationship between abstract mindedness (vs. concrete mindedness) and prosocial behaviour, specifically studying self-regulation as an intervening variable for this relationship among 160 undergraduates (M_age = 22.24 years). It was hypothesized that self-regulation would mediate the relationship between mindset condition (abstract vs. concrete) and prosocial behaviour. Participants completed a series of mindset activation tasks, a self-regulation measure and a prosocial behaviour measure. The results revealed that as compared to concrete mindedness, abstract mindedness resulted in significantly greater prosocial behaviour in participants. However, self-regulation did not appear to mediate the relationship between mindset condition and prosocial behaviour; therefore, rejecting the intervening role of self-regulation in this relationship. The present findings reaffirm that abstract mindedness enhances prosocial behaviour and highlight the need for future research to further examine the underlying constructs of this relationship.

Previous research has shown that students' perceptions of classroom goal structures affect cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of students' participation in educational settings [1]. By adding a new self-developed classroom mastery avoid goal structure, this study examined the relationships between 2 X 2 classroom goal structures, achievement goals, achievement emotions and self-regulated learning of Hong Kong undergraduates in their English study. One hundred and eighty university students who enrolled in universities' English courses were participated to complete a set of questionnaires by using convenient sampling. Three path models were analyzed. The first model indicated that classroom goal structures predicted achievement goals and subsequently to self-regulated learning. The second model indicated that classroom goal structures predicted positive achievement emotions and subsequently to self-regulated learning. The third model indicated that classroom goal structures predicted negative activating (Anger and Anxiety) and negative deactivating (Hopelessness and Boredom) achievement emotions and subsequently to self-regulated learning differently. The present research may be the first one to establish path models by using 2 X 2 classroom goal structures to predict achievement goals, achievement emotions and self-regulated learning. More, it provides practical implications for educators creating an adaptive learning environment to students, thus influences students to adopt adaptive achievement goals, evoke positive achievement emotions and facilitate higher self-regulated learning.

The transparency of the (authentic) self has been raising serious issues that point at the fact that digital identity strategy has become essential. The digitalized and networked status, with its implied online audience, and with several features of alter/egos constantly urge user-decisions concerning digital footprints. Within online ecosystems the real self bears special psychological-ontological characteristics where the main rule is “whoever is not available on the internet does not exist”. Users mix conscious decisions with random ones, drifting along the dataflow. Real time answers will hardly make it: the digital environment has been changing rapidly. Social psychology, computer science and business studies research the digital identity construction and the novel features from narcissism to personal branding (among others: Schawbel, 2009; Mehdizadeh, 2010; Veletsianos, 2013; Tamborra, 2014).

In the first part of my presentation I will propose a framework for the phenomena of self-determined digital identity. The second part of my paper form groups of trends in digital identity research. In addition, this presentation provides an insight into a research-in-progress on digital identity in the third part via qualitative design and via multigeneration samples. Expected results provide a brief feedback about personal goals, decisions and motivations, and, also, about realized phenomena in this field. Decisions concerning in/visibility, boundaries among public/social connections and intimacy collide with the self who has to redefine itself over and over again in terms of a digital identity in a rapidly changing online environment. Our goal is to highlight present and future phenomena concerning the transparent self designed by digital identity observing decision in online transparency.

Classroom is the environment where students interact and learn. Level of engagement in class can make a noticeable difference of student's performance. This study investigates the impacts of classroom climate on perceived competence of university students and self-regulated learning strategies through the mediating effect of motivation. Using convenience sampling, 106 of university students in Hong Kong participated and completed a set of adapted questionnaire. The result shown autonomy support in class significantly predict to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation has positive association with self-regulated learning and perceived competence. To conclude, a statistically significant relationship of students' autonomy support in classroom influence learning strategies and perceived competence by mediating effect of motivation is found. The study suggests the importance of autonomy provided to students and contributes to possible factor to help students' academic performance.

Learning is not only for acquiring knowledge, but also perceived as a social obligation in Chinese society. The study aimed to investigate how one's learning behaviors can be affected by cultural factors under Chinese culture. Two hundreds and seven participants were participated in present study. The study indicated that Confucian work dynamism predicted others-oriented achievement motives (SOAM), whereas Integration, Humanheartedness, Moral discipline predicted self-oriented achievement motives (IOAM). Meanwhile, both of SOAM and IOAM were significantly related to positive and negative achievement emotions, which subsequently affected self-regulated learning. It showed that Chinese Values significantly predicted self-regulated learning through the mediation effects on SOAM, IOAM and achievement emotions. The study can provide a new perspective to understand the influence of Chinese culture on learning behaviors among Hong Kong students.

Apart from school, parents play a significant role in affecting the academic achievements of students. In Chinese society, especially, parents are often putting high expectations on their children's educational performance. Certain Chinese parenting styles can put distinctive effect on students' learning motivations and hence, affect students' academic outcomes. The present research aims to investigate how perceived Chinese parenting beliefs and styles are related to perceived learning competence and academic performance of undergraduates through the mediating effects of self-other achievement motives and learning strategies. The sampling design for current study is convenience sampling. One hundred and two undergraduates (62 females and 40 males) have completed a questionnaire consisting of five scales. To analyze the data, path analyses were used. Results showed that perceived Chinese parenting beliefs and styles (training, shame, autonomy, authoritative, warmth, control) can be effective and desirable constructs to predict undergraduates' achievement motives and subsequently to their learning strategies, perceived learning competence and academic performance. It is found that Guan can significantly generate a positive association with self-oriented achievement motives, and both authoritative and control are good predictors of other-oriented achievement motives. Also, significant relationship between students' achievement motives with their learning strategies is found. Students who tend to have better learning strategies such as better concentration are found to have greater self-perceived learning competence and higher academic results as well. To conclude, perceived Chinese parenting beliefs and styles are proved to have a significant effect on students' learning and achievement via the mediating effects of self-other achievement motives.

Technological addiction is a common issue worldwide that has seldomly been investigated; this research has developed a possible path model on further acknowledgment of the problematic use of technology. Present study (N = 211 Chinese adults) has investigated the relationships of parenting styles (PS), attachment style (AS), self-regulation, self-esteem and Smartphone addiction (SA). Results show that PS considerably predicts different types of AS. Secure and anxious AS was desirably predicted self-regulation and self-esteem. Under self-regulation, higher impulse control also successfully predicts less SA, while goal setting negatively predicted SA. The model helps explore new relationships between Smartphone addiction and other constructs in an educational psychology aspect. It also helps gain insight on how parenting and selfregulation influences Smartphone usage. Programs which promote parenting skills and correct regulating skills are suggested.

The majority of studies on the effectiveness of sponsorship in sporting events were conducted on events of a longer duration. This study aims to examine whether sponsorship of an event of a shorter duration can be equally effective. Given the short duration, the Limited Capacity Model of Mediated Message Processing suggests that spectators who are focused on the sporting event may not have sufficient opportunity to process the sponsored brands. Hence, this study also examines whether there are differences in the recall rate when respondents are more involved. The results show that the recall rate of sponsored brands in an event of a shorter duration can be effective although its effectiveness is reduced when spectators are highly involved in the event.

Numbers of studies examined the effects of Baumrind's parenting styles on children's learning for decades. Research regarding parenting styles specific to Hong Kong senior form students was relatively unfamiliar. The current study established an original path diagram and structural equation modeling of Chinese parenting (control, warmth and guan) as antecedent to explore the relations of 3×2 achievement goals and positive achievement emotions on learning strategies (MSLQ). It showed that Chinese parenting was a significant predictor in this study. Comparing with achievement goals, positive achievement emotions have stronger mediation effects among Chinese parenting and learning strategies. Both control and warmth were positively significant with positive achievement emotions, but the opposite result of guan. Only control maintained positive significant relationships with achievement goals. This study suggested that control, which was different from guan, was a significant dimension in Chinese Parenting. The impacts of control towards other consequences required further investigation.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of parental acceptance and rejection on learning strategies and life satisfaction with mediating effects for goals orientations. The sample of the study consisted of 202 university students to complete 5 questionnaires. Designed questionnaires include parental acceptance-rejection questionnaires (PARQ), 3 X 2 achievement goals questionnaire, social achievement goal orientation questionnaire (SAGOS), motivated strategies for learning (MSLQ) and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). Path analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted to analyze the data and investigate the relationships.

The results revealed that parental warmth/affection are significantly related to social achievement goals, while social achievement goals are significantly related to learning strategies. There is an indirect effect of parental warmth/affection on learning strategies through social achievement goals. Although only parental warmth/affection was significantly correlated to social achievement goals and indirectly correlated with learning strategies, this study has put a step on parental acceptance-rejection with the goals orientation.

The research finds that there is a significant structural relationship between perceived academic support, achievement emotions, academic motivation and self-regulated learning of Hong Kong undergraduate. 211 participants are sampled including 80 males and 131 females. The structural equation model shows that both perceived academic support from parent, teacher and friend are significantly related to positive achievement emotions, whereas positive achievement emotions are significantly related to self-regulated learning. Also, both perceived academic supports are significantly related to the self-regulated learning with the mediator of academic motivation in path model. This helps educators to understand the influence of perceived academic support on students' learning process in university and reassure the role of teacher, parent and friends towards undergraduates.

Participant motivation evaluates factors that enhance motivation to participate. The research aim was to evaluate similarities and differences in participant motivation between males and females who competed at the 2009 World Masters Games (WMG). Participants were male; n=2522 and female; n=2438. The 56 item Motivations of Marathoners Scale (MOMS) instrument was completed by online survey using a 7-point Likert scale. Participant motivation of health orientation, weight concern, personal goal achievement, competition, recognition, affiliation, psychological coping, life meaning and self-esteem were assessed. Genders displayed similar factors of goal achievement, health orientation and affiliation as most important. Discriminant analysis indicated affiliation and competition as most discriminating with females having higher affiliation scores, whereas males displayed higher competition scores.