Supported Metals in Catalysis

The following sections are included:

• CONTENTS

• PREFACE

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PREPARATION METHODS
  • Impregnation

• CASE STUDIES
  • Impregnation: Preparation of Pt catalysts, the effect of the pre-treatment conditions
  • Precipitation vs. Impregnation by Ion-exchange: Au precursors, and the effect of the method of preparation and selected support on performance in selective epoxidation of propene over Au/TiO₂ catalysts
  • Co-precipitation: Preparation of advanced CaCO₃ supported Ag catalysts for propene epoxidation by a novel co-precipitation route

• GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON THE PREPARATION OF METAL CATALYSTS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• EXPERIMENTAL MODELS AND TECHNIQUES ON OXIDE SURFACES AND METAL-OXIDE INTERFACES

• THEORETICAL METHODS
  • Physical approaches to the metal-oxide interface
  • Methods of electronic structure calculation
  • Basis sets and related concepts
  • Approaches on the dynamics of the systems

• INTERACTION OF METALS WITH MgO(001)
  • Isolated atoms on MgO(001)
  • Metallic films on the MgO(001) surface
  • Interaction of metal atoms with point defects of the MgO(001) surface
  • Interaction of metal clusters with perfect and defective MgO(001)
  • Reactivity of metals on MgO
  • Other properties: Mobility of metals on oxides

• INTERACTION OF METALS WITH OTHER FACES OF MgO AND OTHER ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES

• METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTION INVOLVING IONIC OXIDES WITH COMPLEX STRUCTURES: THE CASE OF THE α-Al₂O₃(0001) SURFACE

• CONCLUSIONS

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• MAIN PROPERTIES OF MONOMETALLIC SYSTEMS

• MAIN PROPERTIES OF BIMETALLIC SYSTEMS

• IN-SITU CHARACTERISATION
  • XAFS spectroscopies
  • Vibrational spectroscopy
  • Valence and core photoelectron spectroscopies
  • Other techniques

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
  • Physical methods
  • Chemical methods

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

• METHANOL PRODUCTION AND HIGHER ALCOHOLS FROM SYNGAS

• HYDROGENATION REACTIONS AND OTHER POSSIBILITIES AIMED TO REUSE CO₂

• HYDROFORMYLATION OF OLEFINS WITH SYNTHESIS GAS

• CATALYSED REACTIONS INVOLVING CH₄

• CH₃OH TO HYDROCARBONS AND TO OTHER INTERMEDIATE COMPOUNDS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
  • Hydrogen pressure

• STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF REFORMING REACTIONS

• THE REFORMING CYCLE

• DEACTIVATION
  • Observed effect of parameters

• REGENERATION

• IMPROVEMENTS TO YIELDS AND LIFE
  • The use of multimetallic catalysts in S/R
  • Alloys and clusters
  • Pt-Re structures
  • Pt-ReS
  • Pt-Ir, the “rational scientific design”
  • Parallel developments in quality/purity of alumina
  • Continuous catalyst regeneration
  • Pt-Sn

• MONOFUNCTIONAL ZEOLITE-BASED REFORMING
  • PtKL
  • The technological process

• CONCLUSIONS

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• METHANE CONVERSION
  • Steam methane reforming
    • Carbon formation
    • Promoter effects
  • Methane decomposition
    • Nickel catalysts
    • Diamond-supported transition metals
    • Cobalt catalysts
    • Nature of the carbon by-product
    • Theoretical investigation
  • Partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane
    • Catalytic mechanism and heat exchange
    • Catalysts supports
    • Reaction intermediates
    • Promoting effects
    • Perovskite and hydrotalcite precursors

• ALCOHOL CONVERSION
  • Methanol
    • Methanol decomposition
    • Methanol steam reforming
    • Partial oxidation of methanol
    • Autothermal reforming of methanol
  • Ethanol oxidation
    • Cobalt catalysts

• CONVERSION OF OTHER HYDROCARBON FEEDS

• ACRONYMS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• EMISSIONS PRODUCED AT STOICHIOMETRIC CONDITIONS
  • Classical TWC
  • Modern TWC
    • New oxygen buffering oxides
    • The shift towards the use of palladium
    • Promotion of Pd by base metals

• LEAN-BURN EMISSIONS
  • Oxidation catalysts
  • Treatment of soot
  • Catalysts for selective reduction of NO_x with hydrocarbons
    • Platinum group metal systems
    • Base metal systems
    • Practical approaches

• MIXED OSCILLATING EMISSIONS
  • NO_x Storage and reduction catalysts

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION

• SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OVER SUPPORTED METAL CATALYSTS
  • The hydrogenation of buta-1,3-diene over non-modified metal catalysts
  • The hydrogenation of buta-1,3-diene over modified metal catalysts
  • The hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes over non-modified metal catalysts
  • The hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes over modified metal catalysts

• SELECTIVE OXIDATION
  • Supported platinum-group metals
  • Supported gold and silver
  • Catalyst deactivation

• ENANTIOSELECTIVE REACTIONS
  • Enantioselective hydrogenation of activated ketones over supported Platinum
  • Enantioselective hydrogenation over other supported metals

• CONCLUSIONS

• REFERENCES

The following sections are included:

• INDEX