Noble Metal Noble Value

The following sections are included:

• Dedication
• Acknowledgments
• Contents

Ruthenium-catalyzed protocols play an important role in the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. An overview of reported examples in this field will be discussed in this chapter, including mechanism presentations for some typical transformations.

Owing to the cost-effectiveness and versatility of ruthenium in catalysis, the utilization of ruthenium for developing atom and step-economic methodologies, allowing for the synthesis of six-membered heterocycles, is of particular importance in synthetic chemistry because of the important value of such compounds employed in discovering biologically and pharmacologically active compositions, the preparation of novel materials with specific functions, etc. This chapter highlights the recent 15 years' advances on ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of six-membered heterocycles, with particular focus on the related approaches and mechanistic basis, which includes the synthesis of N-heterocycles, O-heterocycles, N,O-heterocycles, and other type of heteroatom-heterocycles.

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
• Rhodium-catalyzed nitrogen containing five-membered heterocycle synthesis
• Rhodium-catalyzed oxygen containing five-membered heterocycle synthesis
• Rhodium-catalyzed sulfur containing five-membered heterocycle synthesis
• Rhodium-catalyzed phosphorous containing five-membered heterocycle synthesis
• Rhodium-catalyzed silicon containing five-membered heterocycle synthesis
• Rhodium-catalyzed synthesis of bis-heterocycles
• Conclusions and outlook
• References

Rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation has witnessed exciting progress over the past decades due to its high efficiency, selectivity, and functional-group tolerance. A number of efficient rhodium-catalyzed reactions for the formation of six-membered heterocycle frameworks has been summarized, involving diversity of recent examples and plausible mechanisms.

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
• Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Five-Membered Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles
• Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Five-Membered Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles
• Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Other Five-Membered Heterocycles Cyclocarbonylations
• Summary
• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
• Synthesis of Six-Membered Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles
• Synthesis of Six-Membered Oxygen Containing Heterocycles
• Miscellaneous (Six-Membered Heterocycles Containing S, P, Si, etc.)
• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
• Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Heterocycles
• Synthesis of Phospho rus-Containing Heterocycles
• Summary and Outlook
• References

Heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic compounds are ubiquitously found in natural products and biologically interesting molecules, and many currently marketed drugs hold heterocycles as their core structure. In this chapter, recent advances on Pd-catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles in ionic liquids (ILs) are reviewed. In palladium catalysis, ILs with different cations and anions are investigated as an alternative recyclable and environmentally benign reaction medium, and a variety of heterocyclic compounds including cyclic ketals, quinolones, quinolinones, isoindolinones, and lactones are conveniently constructed. Compared to the traditional methods, these new approaches have many advantages, such as environmentally friendly synthetic procedure, easy product and catalyst separation, recyclable medium, which make them have the potential applications in industry.

The following sections is included:

• Index