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Enterprise financial data is the key indicator of enterprise development, which provides the important basis for management to analyse and make decisions. Therefore, the provision of reliable and effective information services to enterprises through visualisation technology has become an urgent problem to be solved in the construction of enterprise informatisation. At present, the common data statistics and visualisation tools in the market are difficult to meet the needs of specialised financial enterprises for data analysis. Additionally, the current financial management system has several issues, including an abundance of data and lack of observation suitability. Aiming at the deficiency of data management function in the system, this paper studies the improvement design of data management and visualisation module in financial digital management. First, $K$-means clustering algorithm and C4.5 decision tree algorithm are selected to improve the financial data management system. Then, through the existing hierarchical data visualisation scheme, the node link method, space filling method and Sankey chart are proposed to display the changes of financial data. Finally, the data management and visualisation module and the corresponding algorithm flow are designed. The experiment indicates a contour coefficient of 0.53 for the performance evaluation model based on the $K$-means algorithm, indicating a satisfactory clustering result. The employee violation prediction model, based on the C4.5 decision tree algorithm, exhibits a high prediction accuracy of 92.35% for the training dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting employee violations. The data rendering accuracy of the visualised tool is 98.46%, significantly surpassing that of traditional visualisation tools. At the same time, its visual effect and operation are better than traditional tools. Compared with the traditional data visualisation system, this research method improves the efficiency of enterprise financial data management, converts complicated financial data into graphics that are easier for people to understand, realises visualisation, and effectively reduces the management cost of financial operations.

This paper extends previous studies on how Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Brunei Darussalam are adopting Industry 4.0 (IR4.0) technologies. In this study, we examined how two categories of IR4.0 adoption which are the Modest category and the Moderate category as mediating effects and how they can influence firm performance. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect data from 201 owners or managers from MSMEs. The mediating effect is examined using Smart Partial Least Square– Structural Equation Modelling (Smart PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. The results indicate the Modest category has no mediation effect on the firm performance while the Moderate category has a mediating effect between business financial planning and firm performance, and cost and firm performance. It also shows that between the Modest and Moderate categories, the Modest category seems to be reluctant in expanding its potential in the use of technologies due to some reasons for example knowledge, skills or financial resources. However, this research is only limited to MSMEs, it is suggested to conduct a comparison study between MSMEs and large businesses in Brunei Darussalam or an international-based study. The study between Micro, Small Enterprises (MSEs) and Medium Enterprises (MEs) will help to widen the insight into this area of study. These findings can benefit the business owners, technology experts and policymakers responsible for assisting MSMEs in adopting IR4.0 technologies.

Scientific research and innovation management practice have emphasised the important role of individual competencies in meeting the challenges of the digital transformation. However, it still lacks empirical studies that strive to determine how certain competencies of employees might affect the success of the digital transformation itself. In order to empirically determine the individual contribution of specific employee competencies to a successful digital transformation in terms of a high Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) usage performance, a quantitative study among German component manufacturers of the capital goods industry was conducted. Drawing upon a sample of 284 employees, our results reveal that high developed cognitive and processual competencies of individuals promote the digital transformation processes of a firm. Surprisingly, social competencies have only a little influence. Furthermore, our findings also confirmed that a high IIoT usage performance is beneficial for a firm, significantly enhancing divisional success.

A stream of servitisation research has focused on the construction of taxonomies and typologies of product–service system business models (BMs). However, their relevance in the context of increased utilisation of digital technologies may be questioned. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to empirically revisit the existing product–service system BM taxonomies to explore the following research question: How can the BMs of servitised manufacturing firms be categorised in the digital era? The question is addressed through an embedded case study of five servitised firms. We found that the firms’ BMs varied with regard to the degree of the suppliers’ ownership of delivered products, degree of smartness of the services provided and degree of performance orientation of contracts. Based on these findings, we derived a new product–service system BM taxonomy with eight categories, presented in a 2 × 2 × 2 matrix, that significantly extends earlier taxonomies.

One major challenge in the industries is digital transformation. Ambidexterity, the ability to optimise the existing and innovate new business concepts, is widely accepted as a critical concept of sustainable success. We conducted a literature review (period from 2010 to 2021) on what differential aspects of exploration and exploitation are needed to lead a digital transformation. With the help of a structured selection process, we identified 94 relevant papers. Our findings show that all reviewed articles on digital transformation contain aspects of exploration and exploitation, often without deep specifications. We reveal that structural ambidexterity, leadership, and collaboration are the focus areas related to ambidexterity in digital transformation. Digital transformations fail by not achieving the intended innovation outcome resulting from inadequate key performance indicators and focussing on short-term profitability. Our findings provide first insights but need additional empirical research for validation and more detailed knowledge on ambidexterity in digital transformation.

This paper focuses on challenges regarding managerial behaviour and productivity in the context of digitalisation. It is neither understood precisely how managerial behaviours transcribe digital strategy into economic success nor how opportunities from digital innovations are transferred into productivity. A systematic literature review (SLR) is applied to acquire an organised overview of the research question “How does managerial behaviour concerning digital innovations change productivity?” The outcomes of this paper are threefold: (1) The research question will be answered by showing several aspects managers can make use of to influence productivity. In this regard knowledge, change management and data-driven behaviours, the creation of collaborative settings, and (customer) co-creative aspects are of particular importance. (2) Executives will be motivated to reflect and calibrate their own practices. (3) The Gutenberg rooted framework of production factors is used to discuss the results and six suggestions are made to transform the model to digital readiness.

Firms focus on digital entrepreneurship to face the challenge of survival in turbulent times, a continuing challenge for their leaders, specifically those in charge of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This means these leaders have to be manufacturers and digital at the same time, to avoid digital, technological and innovative illiteracy. This study aims to determine how digitalisation and innovation have a positive influence on the advantages of digital entrepreneurship in SMEs. To achieve this objective, the quantitative method of structural equation modelling (SEM) was used, with data-collection being based on a questionnaire. The results obtained show that digitalisation and innovation greatly increase the advantages of digital entrepreneurship when the intention is to maximise efficiency, customer relations and stimulate better behaviour among collaborators. Specifically, this study shows how SME managers can embrace new business opportunities supported by the use of information technology and by adopting an organisational culture of innovation. In this way, these small firms can raise their competitiveness in relation to their rivals. Conclusions, contributions, limitations and indications for future research are also presented.

Companies now face two challenges in order to remain innovative and competitive. The first is to digitally transform their production, products and services. Second is to address sustainability topics to reduce their global footprint. However, introducing new digital technologies may contradict company’s sustainability goals, for example, introducing a digital technology improves assembly lines, but increases energy consumption. This paper introduces a sustainability-enabled assessment framework for digital technologies (SAFT) supporting companies to choose the best digital technology for them. The SAFT framework assesses digital technologies in terms of sustainability factors as well as crucial aspects such as technology potential, and the fit to the company. The paper concludes with a case study in which the SAFT framework is applied to a company in the construction industry.

Digital transformation has led to several improvements in performance and efficiency, but its impact on growth patterns needs to be clarified. Two schools of thought dominate the literature on digital growth strategies. One stream advocates that digital firms should focus only on scaling their core position, while the other contends that firms should envelop into multiple complimentary markets. This seeming “paradox” in the strategic management literature, between advocates of a focus and a diversification growth strategy, shows a need for critical review and clarification of this literature. This paper synthesizes both views and argues that the distinct growth strategies are contextual and that a new catalyst, the relative level of digital transformation of firms in each market, influences their optimal strategy. A new conceptual model illustrates how digital firms may move between different strategies depending on their perceived market opportunities, competitive advantages, and the relative level of digital transformation of their competitors. Hereby, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the growth strategies of digital businesses.

Digital transformation has emerged as a critical strategy in today’s dynamic business environment. However, the high failure rate of digital transformation initiatives underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the factors that drive success. This study conducts a comprehensive examination of digital transformation success factors through a systematic literature review. Through a bibliometric analysis of 34 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2017 and 2023, the study evaluates research areas, temporal trends, geographical distributions, journals, significant keywords, and principal authors based on co-authorship. It unveils the current digital transformation research landscape, synthesises 119 enabling factors into 13 core dimensions for successful digital transformation, and presents a new and holistic digital transformation model. This model offers valuable guidance for practitioners in the field and organisations navigating transformation challenges.

Within wider debates on sustainability and digitalisation, frugal innovation (FI) scholars largely assume that digital technologies are important for FI in realising more sustainable outcomes. However, very few studies interrogate this causality. To tackle this challenge, we connect FI with digitalisation. Thereto, we conceptualise digital technologies as and within FIs and discuss three frugality dimensions to analyse three empirical case studies of digitally-enabled FIs. We use these cases to introduce new nuances on how digitalisation affects frugality and scaling. Our results unveil that digitalisation can increase frugality by enabling more accessible and affordable solutions through new flexible funding schemes and pay-as-you-go models. However, our evidence also implies decreasing frugality by an increase in end-user costs and digital exclusion. Likewise, increasing frugality through complexity reduction seems mainly to benefit intermediaries and frugal innovators themselves, whereas benefits of digitalisation in terms of complexity reduction for end-users seem to be limited. Digitalisation can even increase complexity for end-users, thus suggesting decreasing frugality. Finally, just like with non-digital innovations, scaling of digitally enabled innovations is dependent on the quality of logistical infrastructure and local adaptation practices. Moreover, scaling of digitally-enabled innovations is limited to users in regions with a proper ICT infrastructure.

Scientific research and innovation management practice have emphasised the important role of individual competencies in meeting the challenges of the digital transformation. However, it still lacks empirical studies that strive to determine how certain competencies of employees might affect the success of the digital transformation itself. In order to empirically determine the individual contribution of specific employee competencies to a successful digital transformation in terms of a high Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) usage performance, a quantitative study among German component manufacturers of the capital goods industry was conducted. Drawing upon a sample of 284 employees, our results reveal that high developed cognitive and processual competencies of individuals promote the digital transformation processes of a firm. Surprisingly, social competencies have only a little influence. Furthermore, our findings also confirmed that a high IIoT usage performance is beneficial for a firm, significantly enhancing divisional success.

The world is changing, and so are businesses, customers and technological advancement. With new innovations of technological advances, various new businesses have established to make themselves the market leaders just like large organisations, which are known as start-ups. Similarly, several small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) have also adopted the latest and innovative technologies in their businesses, to make themselves competitive and attract a large customer base. Artificial intelligence, deep learning, robotics, machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies are the latest technologies, which are being adopted by start-ups and shall be adopted by SMEs. This chapter aims to explore and provide insights about the importance of the latest innovative technologies and their usage by the start-ups and SMEs by reviewing the literature. Indian society has adopted digitalisation and so as the start-ups and SMEs which have flourished the Indian markets and engaged the customers and it builds the brand strong and credible.

One of the major change drivers which emerged in the 21st century is the birth of the internet. Internet-led digitalisation has impacted almost all the sectors across the board positively and in some cases negatively. The healthcare sector is no exception to the transformation. We are witnessing dramatic changes in the healthcare sector across all its verticals due to increasing digital health innovations. The Government of India is aggressively pushing for digital health reforms in India. The inception of key healthcare digitalisation initiatives, like national digital health mission, legalisation of telemedicine, E-pharmacies and the Health ID project, indicates the government’s strong resolve towards taking forward the digitalisation transformation at a rapid pace.

All these digital health innovations led to new strata of medical consumers like Digital Medical Consumers. In this chapter, a conceptual framework of three types of medical consumers based on their buying behaviour has been postulated. In addition, digital health innovations are playing a major role in the evolution of the holistic digital health ecosystem in India. We anticipate the evolution of Holistic Digital Health Start-ups (HDHSs) because of the government’s push towards digitalisation in health and its subsequent willingness to create digital health infrastructure and the rising penetration of health informatics. Hence, this paper has proposed a conceptual framework for Holistic Digital Health Start-ups (HDHSs).

The symbolic representation of quantities, units, and dimensions is reviewed with regard to information carried by conventional notation. The formal structure of unit systems like the International System of Units (SI) has been an efficient way for scientists to share data about the magnitudes of quantities, but it is an unsatisfactory basis for digitalisation. SI notation does not convey information about kind of quantity, which must be obtained from some other source, and the use of dimensional expressions in the SI also loses information about kinds of quantity. It is argued that digitalisation of quantities, units, and dimensions should focus on the more fundamental measurement concepts of quantity kinds and scales of measurement to provide strong foundations on which to build support for quantities, including features familiar from SI unit notation.