Narrow Results

In this work, the cosmic solutions, particularly the well-known $\mathrm{\Lambda }$CDM model, are investigated in the framework of the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) gravity, where the gravitational action incorporates the GB invariant function. We utilize a specialized formulation of the deceleration parameter in terms of the Hubble parameter $H$, given by $q=-1-\frac{Ḣ}{H^2}$, to solve the field equations. To identify the appropriate model parameters, we align them to the most recent observational datasets, which include 31 data points from the Cosmic Chronometers, Pantheon+, and BAO datasets. The physical characteristics of the cosmographic parameters, such as pressure and energy density, that correlate to the limited values of the model parameters, are examined. The evolution of the deceleration parameter suggests a transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase of the universe. Additionally, we examine the stability of the assumed model and provide an explanation for late-time acceleration using the energy conditions. The behavior of the equation of state parameter has been analyzed through dynamical variables by constraining various parameters in light of the recent observational data. This study has resulted in a quintessence-like evolution.

The phenomenon of accelerated expansion of the present universe and a cosmic transit aspect is explored in the framework of a modified gravity theory known as f(R, T) gravity (where R is the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor of the matter content). The cosmic transit phenomenon signifies a signature flipping behavior of the deceleration parameter. We employ a periodic varying deceleration parameter and obtained the exact solution of field equations. The dynamical features of the model including the oscillatory behavior of the EOS parameter are studied. We have also explored the obvious violation of energy–momentum conservation in f(R, T) gravity. The periodic behavior of energy conditions for the model are also discussed with a wide range of the free parameters.

The Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric expressed, in terms of comoving coordinates (r, t), always looks nonstatic. But by employing the recently derived curvature/Schwarzschild form, (R, T), of FRW metric (A. Mitra, Gravit. Cosmol. 19 (2013) 134), we show here that FRW metric can assume static forms when the net energy density (ρ_e) is solely due to the vacuum contribution. Earlier this question was explored by Florides (Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 12 (1980) 563) whose approach was complex and of purely mathematical nature. Also, unlike Florides, we do not assume any a priori separability of T(r, t) = F(r)G(t) and thus our treatment is truly general and yet simpler. More interestingly, even if the net energy density involved in a certain FRW model may appear to be nonzero from its algebric appearance, it may still be possible that tacitly ρ_e = 0 and the model actually corresponds to a vacuum Minkowski metric. For instance, it has been found that FRW universes which appear to be expanding with a fixed speed in comoving coordinates are intrinsically static universes. While such a linearly expanding universe having k = -1 is well-known as the Milne universe, the corresponding k = 0 case has recently been shown to be vacuum in disguise (A. Mitra, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 442 (2014) 382). In addition, here we show that even the k = +1 linearly "expanding" universe (in comoving coordinates) tacitly corresponds to Einstein's static universe.

We consider the newly proposed gravitational modifications that go beyond Horndeski’s theory, named as theories with extended nonminimal derivative couplings. By these modifications, the coefficient functions depend on the scalar field and its kinetic energy. These theories become ghost-free in cosmological background. We consider the flat FRW universe and explore the equation-of-state parameter, ${\omega }_{\text{tot}}$–${\omega }_{\text{tot}}^{\prime }$ plane and the squared speed of sound. The equation-of-state parameter exhibits phantom behavior of the universe, ${\omega }_{\text{tot}}$–${\omega }_{\text{tot}}^{\prime }$ plane represents the freezing region of the universe while the squared speed of sound denotes the stability of the model for the specific choice of constant parameters. Also, we investigate the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics on the Hubble horizon taking into account the Bekenstein, power-law, Renyi and logarithmic corrections to the horizon entropy.

In this study, the bouncing cosmological models have been presented in the non-metricity-based gravitational theory, the $f(Q)$ gravity, where $Q$ be the non-metricity scalar. The two bouncing cosmological models, one in which the Lagrangian $f(Q)$ is assumed to have a linear dependence on $Q$ and the other in which it has a polynomial functional form have been shown. It has been obtained that the parameters of the models largely depend on the behavior of the models. The equation of state (EoS) parameter shows the bouncing behavior of the Universe. It should be highlighted that the built-in cosmological models go against the energy requirements. The kinematical and physical characteristics of the models are also analyzed.

This paper is devoted to the approach to gravity as a theory of a surface embedded in a flat ambient space. After the brief review of the properties of original theory by Regge and Teitelboim we concentrate on its field-theoretic reformulation, which we call splitting theory. In this theory embedded surfaces are defined through the constant value surfaces of some set of scalar fields in high-dimensional Minkowski space. We obtain an exact expressions for this scalar fields in the case of Friedmann universe. We also discuss the features of quantization procedure for this field theory.

In this work, we study the F (R) gravity with f -essence for the flat and homogeneous Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe. For this model, we have presented the point-like Lagrangian and the corresponding field equations. To describe the dynamics of the universe, we have investigated some cosmological solutions for K, F and h functions. It is shown that these solutions describe the late time accelerated expansion of the Universe.

We consider inflationary scenarios of the supersymmetric quantum cosmology of FRLW models with a scalar field. We use the superfield formalism with a superpotential for the scalar superfield. The probability amplitude solution of the supersymmetric Wheeler-DeWitt equation, gives a probability density from which we can compute mean trajectories that can be parametrized by the scalar. By suitable choices of the superpotential, the resulting evolutions of the scale factor correspond to consistent inflationary scenarios. We show the acceleration, the resulting e-folds and the horizon for several superpotentials.