Narrow Results

Parton distribution functions, which represent the flavor and spin structure of the nucleon, provide invaluable information in illuminating quantum chromodynamics in the confinement region. Among various processes that measure such parton distribution functions, semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is regarded as one of the golden channels to access transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, which provide a 3D view of the nucleon structure in momentum space. The Jefferson Lab experiment E06-010 focuses on measuring the target single and double spin asymmetries in the reaction with a transversely polarized ³He target in Hall A with a 5.89 GeV electron beam. A leading pion and the scattered electron are detected in coincidence by the left High-Resolution Spectrometer at 16° and the BigBite spectrometer at 30° beam right, respectively. The kinematic coverage concentrates in the valence quark region, x ~ 0.1–0.4, at Q² ~ 1–3 GeV². The Collins and Sivers asymmetries of ³He and neutron are extracted. In this review, an overview of the experiment and the final results are presented. Furthermore, an upcoming 12-GeV program with a large acceptance solenoidal device and the future possibilities at an electron–ion collider are discussed.

Recent progress in the understanding of the nucleon is presented. The unpolarized structure functions are obtained with unprecedented precision from the combined H1 and ZEUS data and are used to extract proton parton distribution functions via NLO QCD fits. The obtained parametrization displays an improved precision, in particular at low Bjorken x, and leads to precise predictions of cross-sections for LHC phenomena. Recent data from proton–antiproton collisions at Tevatron indicate further precise constraints at large Bjorken x. The flavor content of the proton is further studied using final states with charm and beauty in DIS ep and collisions. Data from polarized DIS or proton–proton collisions are used to test the spin structure of the proton and to constrain the polarized parton distributions.

The urban ferry system can carry a large number of travelers, which may alleviate the pressure on road traffic. As an indicator of its service quality, service time reliability (STR) plays an essential part in attracting travelers to the ferry system. A wide array of studies have been conducted to analyze the STR of land transportation. However, the STR of ferry systems has received little attention in the transportation literature. In this study, a model was established to obtain the STR in urban ferry systems. First, the probability density function (PDF) of the service time provided by ferry systems was constructed. Considering the deficiency of the queuing theory, this PDF was determined by Bayes’ theorem. Then, to validate the function, the results of the proposed model were compared with those of the Monte Carlo simulation. With the PDF, the reliability could be determined mathematically by integration. Results showed how the factors including the frequency, capacity, time schedule and ferry waiting time affected the STR under different degrees of congestion in ferry systems. Based on these results, some strategies for improving the STR were proposed. These findings are of great significance to increasing the share of ferries among various urban transport modes.

XML sets a standard for the exchange of business data that is completely platform- and vendor-neutral. XML is in increasingly wide use for Web applications, especially for business-to-business integration. Because XML data comes in many forms, the most important technology needed for XML applications is the ability to transform it from one to another ("vocabulary translation"), and to convert it to visible renderings.

The present status of Web-based e-Content Management System and the fundamentality of data rendering engine in I will be analyzed in this paper. This paper focuses on the rendering of XML/XSL documents into a readable and printable format by means of a platform-independent process that grants high-quality printing and presents the product that has been developed. X2P Server provides the GUI IDE for designing the XSLT and a rendering engine package for rendering XSL stylesheet into PDF and other output formats. In this paper, we will introduce the core component in X2P Server, the data rendering engine package. We also present different levels of object abstraction. And the design pattern and the complete process of formatting and representing XSL stylesheet into different types of output formats in X2P server will be shown.

We investigate the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the pion and kaon from the eigenstates of a light-front effective Hamiltonian in the constituent quark-antiquark representation suitable for low-momentum scale applications. By taking these scales as the only free parameters, the valence quark distribution functions of the pion, after QCD evolving, are consistent with the E615 experiment at Fermilab. In addition, the ratio of the up quark distribution in the kaon to that in the pion also agrees with the NA3 experimental result at CERN.

The COMPASS experiment is investigating possible physics aspects connect with the use of the polarized target (PT) together with the secondary (CERN–SPS) hadron beams. The main purpose of this project is to study the Drell–Yan reactions as a clear tool to measure the parton distribution functions, in particular the Boer-Mulders, the Sivers and the transversity functions.