Narrow Results

The paper presents a complete approach to the multithreaded execution of a control program prepared according to IEC61131-3 standard. The program is mapped to a dedicated multiple-core CPU unit. The CPU consists of multiple independent bit and word CPUs. The computation synchronization mechanism is based on memory cells with semaphored access, which enable hardware-level synchronization. The paper presents in detail the architecture, results of implementation and the achieved performance. The custom-developed compiler translates standard programming languages into a multithreaded executable form. It utilizes an original intermediate data flow graph to optimize and recognize program parallelisms. The program is automatically partitioned and mapped to the available computing resources. The paper is concluded with a performance comparison of program executions using the standard single-threaded and proposed approaches.

This study is part of a research project aims at off-line programming and verification of industrial control systems. In this paper, an off-line method for press line throughput rate optimization and control system verification is proposed, implemented and evaluated. The main tool is a virtual press station, developed by the first author, consisting of an emulated control system for a feeder/extractor robot which communicates with 3D-simulated production equipment. Moreover, several virtual press stations have been coupled and synchronized in a virtual press line. An important feature of the system is that the virtual robot controller is emulated, yielding an exact representation of the control logic and the possibility to run the entire system in virtual real time. The application considered is a sheet metal forming process where it is difficult to achieve maximum capacity utilization. There is much to gain if the control logic is improved and the throughput rate is increased. For this purpose, an automated robot motion optimization method is implemented and evaluated, using the virtual press line.

In order to solve the existing problems of inefficiency, instability, inaccuracy and low degree of automation, the roll position automatic adjustment system is designed for the one-time forming of cold-formed steel unit. The automatic control technology, sensor technology, communication technology and human–machine interface (HMI) configuration technology are applied to this system and the high-performance PLC controller is used as control core. Triple-phase asynchronous motors are controlled by PLC (S7-1500) to drive the gear connected with reducer and coupling so as to drive the rolls connected with the upper and lower horizontal axes to move. The osiswitch is used to calibrate zero position and the closed-loop control system is constructed by analyzing and feedbacking the signal of the sensor. In this way the system can improve the roll position adjustment accuracy. The practical applications show that the whole system is simple, stable and efficient and the maximum detection error of roller displacement is only $\pm$2mm. The system can automatically call the corresponding roll position data according to the specification of the steel pipe. The system not only improves the adjustment speed and accuracy, but also avoids the waste of manpower so that the enterprise production efficiency can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, in order to carry out efficient management of the unit, the unit’s health management system was used to analyze and monitor the status of the unit in real-time.

Changes in the duration of product life cycles (PLCs) have been identified as a driving factor for increasing the speed of new product development (NPD). However, the facilitating potential of increasing the speed to market of new products regarding their success has been subject to extensive debate. In this paper, we shed light on the long-run dynamics between PLC and key innovation performance indicators. A large secondary data set allows us to investigate long-run within-company differences. We observe significantly shrinking PLC on the one hand and significantly increasing NPD speed on the other. A change in the length of the PLC is positively linked to changes in time to market (Ttmarket) and time to volume. Also, we confirm a positive empirical relationship between shorter Ttmarket and quicker implementation of targeted quality and productivity. However, we cannot confirm a positive relationship between shorter Ttmarket and shorter time to break-even of investments.

In modern manufacturing industries, automated machining systems have become a necessity. However, optimizing resource utilization and achieving a good surface finish remain challenging tasks. Excessive tool usage and poor surface finish are common problems encountered in turning centers, which affect productivity and product quality. In this research, we propose an approach that leverages automation and machine learning techniques to maximize tool use and improve surface finish. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between tool life and surface roughness and to develop a method that can optimize cutting parameters for turning centers. We have conducted an experimental study to evaluate the proposed approach, which involves the automatic determination of cutting parameters based on machine learning algorithms, and concluded a cutting speed of 43.10m/min, the surface finish achieved for aluminum material was 1.98$\mu$m. In the case of mild steel material, the surface finish was 12$\mu$m at a cutting speed of 25.13m/min. Similarly, for cast iron material, the surface finish was 8.45$\mu$m at a cutting speed of 30.16m/min. Our results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional manual method in terms of surface finish, tool usage, and machining time. Our approach can be applied to other machining systems, providing a practical and effective solution to improve the efficiency and quality of machining processes. This paper presents an experiment that explores the relationship between tool life and surface roughness. Furthermore, an automated approach is proposed for eliminating G code in machining, which can improve the efficiency of machine tools and result in a better surface finish. Objective: To maximize tool use and improve surface finish in turning centers by incorporating automation and machine learning. Idea: This research aims to explore the use of automation and machine learning in turning centers to optimize the cutting parameters and achieve a better surface finish. Description of the idea: The study was conducted by performing experiments on three different materials, i.e., aluminum, mild steel, and cast iron. The cutting parameters, including spindle speed, feed, and depth of cut, were controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) integrated with a tachometer and Vernier scale. The surface finish was measured using a surface roughness tester, and the data was analyzed using a supervised machine learning algorithm.

Changes in the duration of product life cycles (PLCs) have been identified as a driving factor for increasing the speed of new product development (NPD). However, the facilitating potential of increasing the speed to market of new products regarding their success has been subject to extensive debate. In this paper, we shed light on the long-run dynamics between PLC and key innovation performance indicators. A large secondary data set allows us to investigate long-run within-company differences. We observe significantly shrinking PLC on the one hand and significantly increasing NPD speed on the other. A change in the length of the PLC is positively linked to changes in time to market (Ttmarket) and time to volume. Also, we confirm a positive empirical relationship between shorter Ttmarket and quicker implementation of targeted quality and productivity. However, we cannot confirm a positive relationship between shorter Ttmarket and shorter time to break-even of investments.

Temperature control of the cooling tower (CT) system based on fuzzyprogrammable logic controller (PLC) control technology is developed and implemented in this research to increase electric static precipitator (ESP) performance, output, and quality and minimize losses within the CT in the cement plant. This approach exploits the fuzzy logic controller and implements it in the PLC. The valve system is controlled to avoid the occasional wet bottom phenomenon in the CT. A fuzzy valve controller is designed to solve the problem of opening and closing the valve at the appropriate time in the return line to regulate the temperature of the CT. The program is written using MATLAB and converted to structured text language (STL) by SIMULINK PLC coder. STL is a functional expression that increases the efficiency of the work system PLC − 1200. Results show a substantial increase in ESP quality after the implementation of fuzzy control temperature for the CT to reduce dust emissions from the cement plant compared with the traditional operator.

Proper forecast of product market diffusion enables optimal planning of resources, investments, revenue, marketing and sales. Quantitative forecasting methods for this purpose rely on sigmoidal growth models such as logistic growth and Bass model, which are acceptable for the first adoption interval of product life cycle (PLC). Modelling of other PLC segments requires complex models that need large set of input data that limits their application for the forecasting purposes.

This paper presents extensions of the logistic growth model that combine the principle of sigmoidal growth and the concept of interpolation splines. In addition, adaptation of the logistic model is shown to be congruent with Bass model. Applications of developed models for the forecasting of PLC segments are analysed and examined, together with possible ways of interaction between different products. Developed models and interaction types enable forecasting of entire PLC with minimum set of input data, or assessment of qualitative forecasting results.

In order to ensure the stable operation of the entire system, can function. Only motor normal operation but failure will cause a serious impact, real-time monitoring of the operation of the motor is needed. PLC can be prepared a powerful fault diagnostic procedures, the article describes the design process of the motor failure monitoring system based on PLC. The article presents a simple introduction to the basic content of the PLC course of development, applications, system design, and then briefly introduced the types of failure of the motor, and the final design of the motor failure monitoring system based on PLC.

For the modern programming method and programming software, integration, repeatability, flexibility and re-configurability have been paid great attention, and the demands of these factors are more and more intense in the rapidly changing and competitive market. To solve these problems, the IEC61131-3 standard, which laid a solid foundation in industrial automation, is introduced by PLCopen. The programming interface is standardized to coordinate the design and operation of industrial controllers, which makes this standard become the only programming standard for industrial controllers. In this paper, based on PLCopen, a motion control system is designed and implied. In order to satisfy the pattern transformation of function block defined in PLCopen, the interrupt module is designed in this paper. Through the operation of the interrupt module, different patterns of interaction between modules defined in PLCopen are obtained. The use of the motion control system designed in this paper not only meets the requirements of motion control defined by PLCopen, but also realizes the motion control in a graphical programming model. Finally, based on Beramiz open source development platform, the effectiveness of motion control system proposed in this paper is verified.

For two-level computer system on high temperature zinc flow detection and control, this paper introduces the programming method based on VC serial communication between the PC and the PLC, and gives part of the program. Actual operation shows that the system can work reliably, the flow control accuracy of crude zinc is ±1.5%, reaches the desired results. The communication method is simple, stable and reliable, may have some value to test and control system for other similar industrial parameters.

With the development and application of PLC, people put forward higher requirements for the transport of bulk materials. In this paper, the belt conveyor is used as the controlled object. This paper introduces the composition of PLC hardware and the design of PLC software in detail. The monitoring interface is designed by Forcecontrol software. The monitoring system of belt conveyor realizes the automatic control and real-time monitoring, which meets requirements of the application. A high degree of automation control in the whole process of transportation is achieved by this system. This system can improve production efficiency, reduce system failures, ensure production safety, and obtain good economic benefits, which is great significance to the development of transport automation.

Continuous and stable supply of circulating cooling water is indispensable to the process of rolling steel pipes. Therefore this paper discusses the design of a constant pressure water supply from a cooling pool. In step 7 of the Siemens S7-300 PLC programming software, the program recruits PID function block FB41 and the computing result is transmitted to the frequency converter by PROFIBUS-DP field bus. The frequency converter controls the speed of the water pump to achieve water supply of variable frequency and constant pressure. PLC and the upper industrial computer exchange messages through the industrial Ethernet. The upper industrial computer monitors the operation of the direct cooling water supply system to reduce the risk of accidents, ensuring the reliability and safety of the water supply operation.

The 500W@4.5K helium refrigerator was designed to provide forced-flow cooling of 4.5 K supercritical helium for the superconducting coils testing or as a helium liquefier with the capacity of 150 L/hr liquefaction rate. Its control system was designed and developed based on the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to achieve automatic process supervisory and control in each defined operational mode. Via the analysis of process flow and control requirements, all operational modes with their logic control were designed. Through the dynamic simulation, the dynamic behaviors of cryogenic process were revealed and the process parameters control loops were designed and simulated for optimizing the cool-down process. The cryogenic instrumentation and control as well as the cryogenic commissioning results will be presented in this paper. It shows that the application of control and automation in the home-made helium refrigerator of hundredwatt class is successful.

Plastic film is widely used in modern packaging, and its heat sealing quality directly affects the quality of packaging products, but also affects the performance of packaging machinery. This paper focuses on the temperature control of plastic film heat sealing, gives some theoretical analysis based on the fuzzy PID, and carries out computer simulation that has a certain engineering application value.

According to the technological requirements of once formed rope making and pretension, this paper presents a control system based on a Siemens S7-200 PLC, in which stretching-compression force measurement transducers measure the strands tension, and information is transmitted based on Modbus protocols among several frequency converters. It is a full-digital, online pretension, and cooperative control system, which is advanced and innovative.

Introduces an auto fuel oil heater measurement system is based on RS-485. The field system uses such screen system you can input personnel information, product number, setting all the parameters, Acquisition system takes the data of the heater into PLC. And it corrects temperature data by the least squares method. Running results prove that, by the feildbus to various information of staff and heater sent to the host computer for storage and processing, the system achieves the corresponding of the product and the staff, strengthening their responsibility, guaranteeing the rate of qualified products. The system has high value of popularization.

This paper introduces the monitoring of the gas oil lubrication system of aluminum foil mill based on WinCC and S7-300, mainly including the hardware composition, and the design of human machine interface of gas oil lubrication system. Since the running of this system, the loss has been reduced markedly. By the monitoring of human machine interface, the remote operating and real time monitoring may be realized better.

In the failure diagnosis and experiment of hydraulic system, the flow signal is one of the important parameters which need to be monitored in hydraulic system. The multifunctional speed test-bed for gear flow meter was designed and established. The flow meter dynamic signal was simulated by PLC in this test-bed. Experiments shows that simulating gear flow meter dynamic characteristic can achieve over 11.1Hz by using LabVIEW.

Flexible packaging bags palletizing production line is to put the bags in the required area according to particular order and size, in order to finish handling, storage, loading and unloading, transportation and other logistics work of goods. Flexible packaging bags palletizing line is composed of turning bags mechanism, shaping mechanism, indexing mechanism, marshalling mechanism, pushing bags mechanism, pressing bags mechanism, laminating mechanism, elevator, tray warehouse, tray conveyor and loaded tray conveyor. Whether the whole production line can smoothly run depends on each of the above equipment and precision control among them. In this paper the technological process and the control logic of flexible packaging bags palletizing production line is introduced. Palletizing process of the production line realized automation by means of a control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC). It has the advantages of simple structure, reliable and easy maintenance etc.