Nano

Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors exhibit excellent performance characteristics such as small size, ease of mass production, high versatility, and comparably low cost. In recent years, numerous FET biosensors based on various nanomaterials including silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and transition metal dichalcogenides have been developed to detect a wide range of biomarkers that play a crucial role in early disease diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring and prognostic assessment. This review provides an overview of the structure, working principle, functionalization strategies and detection factors associated with FET biosensors based on diverse nanomaterials. Additionally, this paper discusses the applications of these diagnostic devices for detecting clinically relevant biomarkers such as nucleic acids, metabolites, proteins, cancer biomarkers, and hormones among others. The concluding section provides a comprehensive overview of the numerous challenges encountered in the widespread implementation of nanomaterial-based FET biosensors for clinical detection, while also presenting the future prospects for these biosensors based on current research advancements.

In the context of limited energy resources in the World energy resources, improving energy utilization and finding new energy has always been the goal of the scientific community. In addition, new opportunities brought by the production of new quality productive forces have made it a new pursuit for scientists to find a small energy source that can provide disorderly dispersion for micro/nano electromechanical systems and self-driving devices. Solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerator (SL-TENG) is based on the contact electrocution (CE) and electrostatic induction (EI). It has attracted much attention with its benefits such as exquisite structure, convenient manufacturing, low cost and unparalleled advantages in collecting droplet energy. Since its discovery, it has gradually become a new research direction for TENG. This paper first elaborates on the electrification mechanism of SL-TENG and introduces its main working modes. Subsequently, a review is focused on the influencing factors and latest research of SL-TENG. Then, the commonly used manufacturing methods to improve the performance of frictional power generation were introduced, and the practical applications of SL-TENG were summarized and analyzed, as well as the relevant technological progress and research directions. Finally, the significance and challenges of SL-TENG are summarized, and its future development trend is prospected.

How to accelerate the electron transfer to promote the circulating efficiency of Fe${}^{2+}$/Fe${}^{3+}$ is a key problem to be solved, so that magnetic particles can activate peroxymonosulfate well to efficiently degrade acetaminophen (ACE). Herein, a Fe₃O₄@Co₃S₄ catalyst was prepared by modifying Co₃S₄ nanosheets on the surface of magnetic Fe₃O₄ particles. The Co${}^{2+}$ in the modified layer Co₃S₄ accelerates the rate of electron transfer between Fe${}^{2+}$ and Fe${}^{3+}$, thus promoting the circulating efficiency of Fe${}^{2+}$/Fe${}^{3+}$. Fe₃O₄@Co₃S₄/PMS system can degrade over 95% of ACE within 5min. Quenching experiment and ESR tests prove that non-radical ¹O₂ and ${\mathrm{\text{SO}}}_4^{•-}$ played predominant roles in the advanced oxidation process. And after six cycles, the degradation rate could still be higher than 50%.

The environmental impact of untreated dye effluent is a concern due to potential mutagenic and allergic effects. This study aims to develop a cost-effective selenium-doped biochar as an adsorbent material to remove acid red (AR) and crystal violet (CV) dyes from water. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were produced using chemical and biological synthesis methods. The SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and BET surface analysis methods were used to characterize the biochar and selenium-doped biochar (Se-AC and BSe-AC) samples. Surface modification with SeNPs resulted in an increase in surface area to 14.560m²/g for Se-AC and 85.456m²/g for BSe-AC. Different adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) and adsorption kinetic models (pseudo-firstorder, pseudo-secondorder, and intra-particle diffusion kinetics) were investigated to understand the adsorption patterns of biochar, Se-AC, and BSe-AC. The maximum adsorption capacities of biochar, Se-AC, and BSe-AC for AR and CV dye were found to be between 0.48mgg${}^{-1}$ and 7.51mgg${}^{-1}$, 2.31mgg${}^{-1}$ and 7.86mgg${}^{-1}$, and 6.88mgg${}^{-1}$ and 9.09mgg${}^{-1}$, respectively, at 313K. The obtained negative $\mathrm{\Delta }{G}^{\circ }$ indicates effective adsorption, while a positive $\mathrm{\Delta }{H}^{\circ }$ suggests an endothermic reaction for both dyes. BSe-AC is an eco-friendly alternative to biochar for removing AR and CV.

The exceptional chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials have attracted growing interest in the field of bone tissue engineering. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and MXenes are two types of unique nanomaterials that have shown promising potential for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we aimed to compare the differentiation capacity of MG-63 cells in the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MXene nanomaterials. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of MXene and SWCNTs based nanocomposites was evaluated using the MTS assay. Also, the differentiation potential was evaluated using two models of stimulation. The first model was a co-stimulation of MG-63’s with EB1089 and an analogue of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), (3S)-1-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(oleoyloxy)butyl-1-phosphonate (FHBP). The second model utilized $\beta$-glycerophosphate ($\beta$GP) and ascorbic acid (ASC). Results: MXene and SWCNTs showed no cytotoxic effect after 48h of culture. MXene could enhance the maturation of MG-63 in both models of differentiation compared to controls and SWCNTs. Conclusion: The incorporation of MXene into MG-63 cell culture suggests that it has a promising potential as a biomaterial for bone regeneration as it demonstrated improved osteoblast maturation compared to SWCNTs.

ZrO₂ samples were obtained using three different synthesis methods (Calcination, Co-precipitation and Hydrothermal). The samples were characterized to analyze the effect of the crystalline phase on their thermoluminescent (TL) and photoluminescent (PL) responses. The ZrO₂ phase was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman. Nanoparticle size distribution was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For optical analysis, characterizations included absorbance measurements, where samples exhibited modifications in color centers, PL emission and experimental fluorescence lifetime decay (${\tau }_{exp})$ measurements. Additionally, their TL response was studied under UV (245nm and 385nm), and 6MV photon energy from LINAC excitation. The obtained results show the improvement of TL and PL properties due to ZrO₂ phase while an amorphous ZrO₂ synthesized by hydrothermal method is an excellent prospect to be used as TL material and it may be a promising scintillator material at 254nm.