Nano

This paper introduces a Ferro technique in the junctionless vertical tunnel field effect transistor in which the ferroelectric property in the ${\mathrm{\text{HfO}}}_2$ is developed with the help of Silicon doping in it. The incorporation of the ferroelectric oxide stacking with ${\mathrm{\text{SiO}}}_2$ results in low sub-threshold slope and high trans-conductance which is highly suitable for sensing of small voltage and converting it into strong drain current. The introduction of the high k-dielectric material with ${\mathrm{\text{SiO}}}_2$ also leads to small lattice mismatch so that the losses can be reduced. The device shows ON current in the order of (2.62 × 10${}^{-4}$A/$\mu$m) and the ratio of the ON to OFF drain current is noted as (of 2.031 × 10${}^{10}$). Moreover, the device exhibits sub-threshold slope 35mV/dec and the ratio of trans-conductance to drain current (gm/$I_D$) in the range of 150–350 V${}^{-1}$. Then the design structure is used to develop the circuit of multiple input converters (MIC) because the device shows high conversion rate (trans-conductance). For the converter, State-space analysis is used for the modeling of converter which was further followed with the design of converters’ energy storing apparatus with its voltage gain formulation. Interaction analysis is used to create a decentralized controller. The controllers’ robustness is tested using parametric uncertainty. A 175-watt experimental archetype with 36 volt and 24-volt sources is developed in the lab. The digital controller was implemented using the processor. The efficacy of controllers for regulating sources and loads has been verified. The controller’s strength is ensured by the satisfactory correlation between simulation and investigational results. For the result outcome one can validate Silicon Doped Ferro Gate Stacking JL-VTFET results for low power applications.

A core–shell Co@C composite catalyst was prepared, characterized and used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of paracetamol in water. Hybridized structures containing Co and graphitized carbon act as independent active sites for PMS activation initiating both radical and nonradical oxidation. A 91.57% paracetamol removal was reached in the Co@C/PMS system at 60 min. Radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests show that nonradical ¹O₂ played predominant roles in the advanced oxidation process, while the other three radicals $\cdot {\mathrm{\text{O}}}_2^{-}$, •OH and ${\mathrm{\text{SO}}}_4^{•}$. also played a certain role in paracetamol degradation. After four cycles, the degradation could still reach 70%, which proves that the Co@C composite catalyst exhibits good stability.

A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the relationships between molecular structure, morphology and thermoelectric properties of HCl-doped polyaniline (PANi) nanorods subjected to 10MeV electron beam irradiation. Morphological and structural characterization revealed that the crystallinity of irradiated PANi nanorods remained almost unchanged, and minimal oxygen content was detected. This resulted in minimal alterations to the thermo-stability. In addition, the thermoelectric properties of PANi were enhanced. A maximum conductivity of 22.85S/cm was obtained at 50kGy, which was 1.46 times that of pristine PANi. Interestingly, the Seebeck coefficient reached a maximum of −3.56$\mu$V/K at 100kGy, indicating $n$-type organic semiconductor properties. However, a peak power factor of 0.024$\mu$Wm${}^{-1}$ K${}^{-2}$ was achieved with 60kGy irradiation, which was slightly enhanced compared to 0.018$\mu$Wm${}^{-1}$K${}^{-2}$ for pristine PANi. These results demonstrate that PANi exhibits good irradiation resistance after irradiated with a dose of 100kGy. Thus, PANi could be used in high-$\beta$ ray (electron) environments, such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs).

High-entropy alloy (HEA) is a type of alloy that exhibits high hardness, strength, good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and versatility. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to illustrate the microscopic evolution of FeNiCrCoCu HEAs under varying twin boundary spacing (TBS). Compression revealed dislocation migration, variations in the quantity and radius of nanovoids, as well as grain boundary diffusion. With increasing strain, high-energy regions expand on the surface of the crystal, transitioning from an initially smooth state to uniform deformation accompanied by grain boundary diffusion, while dislocations occur within the crystal. The number and radius of observed nanovoids within the crystal increase. The mechanical characteristics of FeNiCrCoCu HEAs are influenced by the TBS size. The alloy demonstrates better mechanical properties when the TBS is 1.22nm. FeNiCrCoCu HEAs with a constant TBS showed improved mechanical characteristics when a greater number of grains ($N$) were present.

Until now, the therapeutic potential of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has received much attention thanks to their unique properties. In addition, natural extracts of plants have shown significant therapeutic ability in various diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to synthesize AuNPs using aqueous extracts of Hedra helix (Hh-AuNPs), Senna alexandrina (Sa-AuNPs), Thyme vulgaris (Tv-AuNPs) and Tribulus terrestris (Tt-AuNPs) and then investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on cancerous and normal breast cell lines. For this purpose, the prepared Phyto-NPs were analyzed employing the TEM technique and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of all aqueous extracts and the Phyto-NPs were analyzed by FRAP and DPPH assays. Their cytotoxic effects against the MCF-7, MCF-10 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were also determined using an MTT assay. UV–Vis spectrum of Hh-AuNPs, Sa-AuNPs, Tv-AuNPs and Tt-AuNPs disclosed absorption peaks at wavelengths of $560\pm 5$nm, $570\pm 5$nm, $550\pm 5$nm and $540\pm 5$, respectively. TEM image illustrated a spherical shape of Phyto-AuNPs with particle sizes of under 100nm. Phyto-AuNPs demonstrated more antioxidant activities than the plant extracts alone. Moreover, Phyto-AuNPs indicated higher cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines compared to plant extracts. This report provides new possibilities for using the above-mentioned aqueous extracts for the green synthesis of AuNPs, which may be applied to future animal breast cancer models or one step higher clinically for breast cancer patients.

Rare earth oxides are considered materials that are commonly used in high performance luminescent devices, magnets, catalysts and various other practical applications such, as electronics, magnetism, nuclear technology, optics and catalysis. Using ${\mathrm{\text{Gd}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ nanoparticles synthesised by combustion route and calcinated at various temperatures (600${}^{\circ }$C, 800${}^{\circ }$C, 1000${}^{\circ }$C, and 1200${}^{\circ }$C), we have investigated its phosphors nature in this study. We evaluated the phase purity and grain size distributions from the powder X-ray diffraction patterns of all the samples. This was done using the Rietveld refinement and the FW$\frac{1}{5}$/$\frac{4}{5}$M technique. Our observation of the ${\mathrm{\text{Gd}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ nanoparticles grain size distribution was made possible using transmission electron microscopy pictures and HRSEM images. The photoluminescence spectrum of ${\mathrm{\text{Gd}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ nanoparticles showed emission in the region near-band-edge blue and green emission. To detail the photoluminescence behavior, the excitation, emission spectra and CIE 1976 plot were recorded and the CIE coordinates were found to be $X=0.207$ as well as $Y=0.206$ that look like blue. The use of phosphors nature is enabled by studying the impact of grain size and the linear dependent behaviour of ${\mathrm{\text{Gd}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ nanoparticles.

This paper simulated the optimum solar cell power conversion efficiency-based planar solar surface morphology with various solar cell absorber structures. The spectral light intensity, reflected, absorbed, and transmission coefficients versus wavelength band spectrum varied from 300nm to 1300nm through the visible to near-infrared regions. The optimum solar cell performance parameters or key parameters are studied with different solar cell structure designs based on different surface contact and back contact layers. Cumulative generation current, cumulative electron–hole pair generation rate and electron–hole pair generation rate are clarified versus substrate depth for various solar cell structure designs. The absorbed current in substrate is optimized for various solar cell structure designs. Maximum power voltage and current are also optimized for the proposed solar cell structure design. The effective solar cell power efficiency is also demonstrated based on the optimized maximum power current and maximum power voltage.