Fundamentals of Atmospheric Dynamics and Thermodynamics

The following sections are included:

• Dedication

• PREFACE

• CONTENTS

The following sections are included:

• Dynamic Meteorology

• Variables. Constants. Units

The following sections are included:

• Partial Differentiation

• Differentials

• Jacobians

• Vector Algebra

• Vector Differentiation

• Differential Operations

• Vector Integration

• Integral Theorems

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Tangent-Plane Coordinates

• Natural (Intrinsic) Coordinates

• Vorticity

• Divergence

• Streamfunction. Velocity Potential

• Streamlines. Trajectories

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Forces of Significance in Atmospheric Motion

• The Equation of Absolute Motion

• The Equation of Relative Motion

• The Equation of Relative Motion in Rectangular Coordinates

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Large-scale Quasi-horizontal Flow

• The Equation of Motion in Natural Coordinates

• The Geostrophic Wind

• The Gradient Wind

• The Geostrophic Deviation

• The Thermal Wind

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• The Equation of Continuity

• The Pressure Tendency Equation

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• The Arbitrary Vertical Coordinate

• Pressure as Vertical Coordinate

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Definitions. Notation

• The Equation of State

• Work in Thermodynamics

• The First Law of Thermodynamics

• Internal Energy

• Specific Heat. Enthalpy

• The Adiabatic Process

• Potential Temperature

• Specific Entropy

• Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

• Combined First and Second Laws

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• The paT-surface

• The Vapor Phase

• Liquid and Ice Phase

• Specific Heats of Water Substance

• Changes of Phase. Latent Heat

• The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Moisture Measures

• The Equation of State for Moist Air

• Specific Heats of Moist Air

• Adiabatic Processes of Moist Air

• The Pseudo-Adiabatic Process

• Wet Bulb and Equivalent Temperature

• Thermodynamic Diagrams

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Geopotential. Geopotential Height

• The Hypsometric and Barometric Formulae

• Lapse Rates and Special Atmospheres

• Parcel Stability

• Other Stability Measures

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Circulation and its Relation to Vorticity

• Relative and Absolute Vorticity

• Circulation Theorems

• Absolute Circulation. Solenoids

• The Vorticity Equation

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• The Autobarotropic Model

• Finite Differences. Relaxation

• A Simple Baroclinic Model

• Baroclinic Instability

• Energy Equations

• The Full Energy Cycle

• Problems

The following sections are included:

• APPENDIX A. LIST OF SYMBOLS

• APPENDIX B. LIST OF USEFUL VALUES

• APPENDIX C. USEFUL IDENTITIES FOR FLUID DYNAMICS

• APPENDIX D. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• SUBJECT INDEX