In Honor of D Allan Bromley — Nuclear Scientist and Policy Innovator

CONTENTS.

PREFACE.

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Some recent developments in nuclear structure research are described in terms of the twin scientific themes of simplicity and complexity in many-body systems. The emphasis is on the role of symmetries in the description of atomic nuclei. Some brief comments on the history of WNSL are included.

The electromagnetic probe has played an essential role in our understanding of both nuclear structure and the structure of the nucleon. With the growing sophistication of modern facilities such as Jefferson Lab and Mainz the same beams can exploit the different sensitivity of the weak force in order to extract information on strange quarks inside matter or to even map out the distribution of neutrons within a nucleus. With its planned upgrade to 12 GeV, Jefferson Lab will be the preeminent facility in the world in terms of exploiting the electroweak force to lead us to a deeper understanding of the strong force, from the nature of confinement to the origin of nuclear structure at the fundamental level of QCD.

Collisions of heavy nuclei at RHIC form a hot, dense system at energy densities greater than 5 GeV/fm³, where normal hadrons cannot exist. The system cools rapidly to a temperature T ~ 175 MeV and a vanishingly small baryo-chemical potential at the quark-hadron phase boundary predicted by lattice QCD calculations, where hadrons coalesce from quarks. A large amount of collective (elliptic) flow at the quark level provides evidence for strong pressure gradients very early in the collision when the system is dense and highly interacting prior to coalescence into hadrons. The suppression of both light (u, d, s) and heavy (c, b) hadrons at large transverse momenta, that form from fragmentation of hard-scattered partons, and the quenching of di-jets provide evidence for extremely large energy loss of partons as they attempt to propagate through the dense, strongly-coupled, colored medium created at RHIC.

Nuclear astrophysics is a active, rapidly developing field that addresses fundamental scientific questions. Advances in astronomy have to be matched with advances in nuclear physics to address these questions in the future. I discuss some of the major open questions and future directions, using as examples supernovae, the rapid neutron capture process, and processes on the surface of accreting neutron stars. In all cases nuclear physics is needed to interpret observations and to guide and constrain theoretical models. While a wide range of experimental facilities is required, one of the major challenges for the future is the study of unstable nuclei that play a central role in many of the major open questions. Therefore, an advanced radioactive beam facility such as the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) is of particular importance for the future of this field.

Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics have been very productive areas of research in recent years and have great promise for further fundamental discoveries. Neutrinos from astrophysical and terrestrial sources have demonstrated neutrino flavor change via the oscillation of massive neutrinos - physics beyond the Standard Model of Elementary Particles. They have also verified the Standard Model of the Sun with great accuracy. Future measurements will address a set of fundamental physics and astrophysics topics involving neutrinos with energies ranging over 15 orders of magnitude. A review of neutrino experiments is provided, including experimental measurements to date and proposed future measurements.

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Japanese nuclear physics community and its organization are introduced, and the present status and future perspectives of the three major facilities in Japan, the J-PARC, RIBF and RCNP, are presented.

In less than two years from now, the LHC at CERN will start operating with protons and later with heavy ions in the multi TeV energy range. With its unique physics potential and a strong, state-of-the-art complement of detectors, the LHC will provide the European, and in fact worldwide, Nuclear Physics community with a forefront facility to study nuclear matter under extreme conditions well into the next decade.

The future of nuclear physics in the U. S. and internationally is aimed at understanding Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at a fundamental level. Exploration of the phase diagram of QCD involves the study of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, conditions which can be created in high energy collisions of heavy nuclei. Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is currently the world's premier facility for this line of research. In the future the study of QCD will be carried out at RHIC, which will evolve to address the emerging questions in this field, along with other international facilities.

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SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM.

PUBLICATION LIST OF D. ALLAN BROMLEY.

PH.D. STUDENT LIST OF D. ALLAN BROMLEY.